XRT Cross-Sectional Lower Extremity and Lumbar Spine (Exam 3)

Surface Shaded Display

What does SSD stand for (for CT)

Femur

What is the longest and strongest bone in the body

5

How many Lumbar vertebrae do we have

False- it is not uncommon to have 6 vertebrae

T or F: A person only can have up to 5 lumbar vertebrae

Lordotic curvature

What kind of curvature does the lumbar spine have

1) Offers support

2) Protects the spinal cord

What are the functions of the lumbar spine (2)

C2

Because of the dens

What is the most unique vertebrae and why

1) Conus medullaris

2) Cauda equina

3) Thecal sac

Name all numbered structures

1) L5

2) Sacrum

3) Conus medullaris

4) Cauda equina

5) Subarachnoid space with contrast

Name all numbered structures

1) Body

2) Vertebral foramen

3) Lamina

4) Pedicle

5) Transverse process

6) Superior articular process

7) Spinous process

Name all numbered structures

1) Body

2) Pedicle

3) Spinous process

4) Lamina

5) Transverse process

Name all numbered structures

Spinous processes

What structures are these lines pointing to

Blue line- vertebral bodies

Red line- spinal canal

What is the blue line pointing to and what is the red line pointing to

False- pathology spotted on the thoracic spine

T or F: This is normal anatomy

Tail bone

What is another name for the sacrum and coccyx

5

How many fused bones make the sacrum

3-5

How many fused bones make the coccyx

1) Iliac crest

2) Ilium

3) Acetabulum

4) Pubic symphysis

5) Ischium

6) Coccyx

7) Ala of ilium

8) Lateral mass (ala)

9) Sacrum

10) SI joints

Name all numbered structures

1) Sacrum

2) Coccyx

3) Ala or lateral mass

4) Body of 1st sacral segment

5) Sacral promontory

6) Sacral foramina

Name all numbered structures

1) Lateral mass

2) Sacral foramina

3) Body

4) Sacrum

5) SI joint

6) Sacral promontory

7) Ilium

Name all numbered structures

1) Sacral promontory

2) Sacrum

3) Coccyx

Name all numbered structures

Colitis

What pathology is circled in blue

1) SI joint

2) Body

3) Sacral promontory

4) Sacral canal

5) Ilium

6) Lateral mass

7) Articular process

Name all numbered structures

1) Ala of ilium

2) SI joint

3) Sacral promontory

4) Lateral mass of Sacrum

5) Sacrum

Name all numbered structures

1) Pubic symphysis

2) Pubic bone

3) Prostate gland

4) Rectum

5) Coccyx

6) Ischial tuberosity

Name all numbered structures

1) Pubic bone

2) Pubic symphysis

3) Bladder

4) Rectum

5) Coccyx

6) Vagina

7) Ischium

Name all numbered structures

1) Coccyx

2) Rectum

3) Vah jay jay

Name all numbered structures

50%

What %tage of people have a psoas minor muscle

1) Hip flexion

2) External rotation of femur

What does the Psoas muscle allow for (2)

Psoas muscles

What are the red lines pointing to

T12-L4

Where is the origin of the psoas muscles (range)

Lesser trochanter of femur

Where is the insertion point of the psoas muscles

1) Psoas minor

2) Psoas major

3) ASIS

Name all numbered structures

1) Psoas muscle

2) Cauda equina

Name all numbered structures

a horses tail

What does the cauda equina resemble

Motion

What artifact on this image is present

1) Psoas muscle

2) Vertebral body

3) Cauda equina

Name all numbered structures

L5 because of the bifurcation of the aorta

What vertebral level is this and how could you tell

The psoas muscles

What are the blue lines pointing to

Psoas muscles

Name #2 on this image

Lumbar spine because of the disc space

What type of vertebrae is this and how can you tell

Ilium

Name #1

Psoas major muscle

Name the numbered structure

Psoas muscles

What are the blue lines pointing to

end of the spinal cord

Where on the spinal cord if the conus medularis found

L1

At what vertebral level is the conus medularis found

L4

The cauda equina tapers into smaller bundles around _____

1) Right Psoas muscle

2) Body of L5

3) Sacral promontory

4) L4 pedicle

5) Cauda equina

6) Conus medullaris

Name all numbered structures

Herniated discs

Name the pathology circled in red

1) Psoas muscle

2) Transverse process of L5

3) Sacrum

Name all numbered structures

1) Sacrum

2) Conus medullaris

3) Cauda equina

Name all numbered structures

1) Sacrum

2) Coccyx

3) Two os coxae/ innominate bones

What forms the bony pelvis (3)

1) Ilium

2) Ischium

3) Pubis

What 3 bones make up the os coxae

1) Iliac crest

2) Acetabulum

3) Pubis

4) Ischium

5) Ilium

Name all numbered structures

Ilium

This is the largest and most superior portion of the bony pelvis

**** yea it does

T or F: The ilium has a body

The ala

This is the large wing-like portion of the ilium

The iliac crest

This is the superior ridge of the ala of the ilium

The body of the ilium

This creates the superior portion of the acetabulum

Acetabulum

This structure of the pelvis articulated with the head of the femur

The ischium

This is the inferior portion of the os coxae

1) Body

2) Two rami

What composes the ischium (2)

Ischium

This forms the inferior portion of the acetabulum

1) Ischium

2) Ilium

3) Pubis

Name all numbered structures

The pubis

This forms the lower, anterior portion of the acetabulum

1) Body

2) Two rami

What is the pubis composed of (2)

Pubic bones

The bodies of the two _______ meet at the midline to form the pubic symphysis

The union of the pubic rami and the ischium

This forms the obturator foramen

1) Coccyx

2) L5

3) Sacrum

4) SI joint

5) Ala

6) iliac fossa

7) Acetabulum

8) Pubic symphysis

9) Ischium

10) Obturator foramen

Name all numbered structures

1) Ala of ilium

2) SI joint

3) Sacral promontory

4) Lateral mass of sacrum

5) Sacrum

6) Ilium

Name all numbered structures

1) Lateral mass

2) Sacral promontory

3) Ilium

4) Sacral foramina

5) Body

6) Sacrum

7) SI joint

Name all numbered structures

1) Body of pubic bone

2) Pubic symphysis

3) Greater trochanter

4) Anus

5) Ischial tuberosity

Name all numbered structures

1) Acetabulum

2) Femoral neck

3) Pubis

4) Greater trochanter

5) Ischium

6) Femoral head

Name all numbered structures

1) Pubic symphysis

2) Femur

3) Ischial tuberosity

4) Inferior pubic ramus

5) Lesser trochanter

Name all numbered structures

Male

What gender is this patient

Female

What gender is this patient

1) Pubic symphysis

2) Pubic bone

3) Rectum

4) Coccyx

5) Ischial tuberosity

Name all numbered structures

Red line- blastic lesion

Blue line- Lytic lesions

What type of pathology is the red line pointing to and what type of pathology is the blue line pointing to

Additive

What kind of pathology are blastic lesions

Destructive

What kind of pathology are lytic lesions

1) Left ilium

2) Left sacrum

Where is this pathology located (2)

Lytic (Destructive)

What type of pathology is this

1) Left pelvis

2) Left iliacus

3) Gluteus muscles

Where on the body is this pathology located (3)

Osteolytic (destructive)

What kind of pathology is this

Destructive

What kind of pathology is this

Additive

What kind of pathology is osteosarcoma

Additive

What kind of pathology is present in this image

Multiple myeloma because its widespread

Name the pathology and how can you tell

Heterotopic ossification/ calcification

Name the pathology

Bone growth outside of normal areas

Define heterotopic ossification/ calcification

1) Traumatic injury

2) Surgery

How can a heterotopic ossification/ calcification occur (2)

72 hours

How long do you have to wait after surgery to treat a heterotopic ossification/ calcification with XRT

7 Gy

1 Fraction

What is the typical dose and fractionation of a heterotopic ossification/ calcification

Femoral head

The _______ sits in the acetabulum to form the hip joint

Attachments for muscles and ligaments

What is the function of the greater and lesser trochanter

1) Distal femur

2) Bones of the lower leg

What composes the knee joint (2)

1) Greater trochanter

2) Fovea capitis

3) Greater trochanter

4) Lesser trochanter

5) Lateral epicondyle

6) Medial epicondyle

7) Medial condyle

8) Lateral epicondyle

9) Lateral condyle

Name all numbered structures

1) Lesser trochanter

2) Ischium

3) Obturator foramen

4) Pubis

5) Femoral neck

6) Greater trochanter

Name all numbered structures

1) Ilium

2) Femoral neck

3) Greater trochanter

4) Lateral femoral condyle

5) Acetabulum

6) Femoral head

7) Femoral shift

8) Medial femoral condyle

Name all numbered structures

Ischium

What is the blue circle representing