Nursing Dogs and Cats II

Technician medication duties

Verify orders, fill prescription, correct administration, observe response, medical record, owner education

Drug Administration 6 rights

Right parent, right drug, right dose, right route, right schedule/time, right documentation

Routes of Administration

Enteral, Inhalation, Topical, parenteral

Enteral administration

Oral, tubes

Inhalation administration

Gas,vaporized, nebulized

Topical administration

Dermal, mucous membranes, transdermal

Parenteral

Intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, Intra arterial, Intracardiac, intraosseous, spinal

Drug forms- Enteral

Tablets, capsules, liquid

Drug forms- inhalants

Gas, nebulized, mists

Drug forms- topical

Emulsions,ointments, cream,lotions

Drug forms- Parenteral

Solutions, suspensions, oil based

Enteral Absorption

GI mucosa, circulation

Enteral Action

Slower onset, longer duration

Enteral administration- Problems

Emesis, slow on set, gastric acid, rapid metabolism, absorption

Oral administration- convenience

Rapids, clients are able to do it

Oral administration contraindications

Emesis, mouth/head trauma, inability to swallow

Oral Medications types

Liquids, tablets, capsules

Pilling methods

Pillling device, hand

Pilling device

Indications- fractious cautions- trauma

Hand pilling method

Indications- cooperative cautions- hand in mouth

Canine pilling technique

Nose slightly elevated, touch roof of mouth, put finger on base of tongue, and induce swallow(rub throat, touch nose, blow on nose)

Feline pilling tips

Be fast, put finger on base of mouth, prevent the cat from tasting the pill, and induce swallow

Pilling device technique

Insert over tongue base

Oral administration: Liquids

Buccaneers pouch

Orogastric medications

Feeding, activated charcoal, gastric leverage, decompression

Orogastric complications

Aspiration- improper placement, regurgitation

Nasogastric complications

Aspiration, dislodged (sneezing, pawing, rubbing), epistaxis

Esophagostomy

Surgical creation of an opening into the esophagus

Gastrostomy

surgical procedure to insert a feeding tube through the abdomen directly into the stomach

Enterostomy

Small intestine

Pharyngostomy

Surgical procedure to create an opening into pharynx

Topical locations

Skin

Mucus membranes( ocular, oral, rectal, nasal, tracheal, mammary gland)

Topical local effects

Dips, shampoos, ointments, creams, powders

Topical systemic effects

Transdermal, solutions, vaccines

Topical absorption

Skin- slow

Mucus membranes- rapid

Topical general principles

Gloves, clean sites, clip hair, avoid contact, prevent licking

eyes formulation

Ointments, solutions

Eyes diseases

Ocular- Intra/ extra

Eyes topical principles

Restraint- control front legs, avoid contact, intervals between drugs- 3-5 min