chem quiz

how to name acids ending with “-ides”?

how to name acids ending with “-ides”?

Hydro-_________ic Acid

how to name acids ending with “-ates”?

_______________ic Acid

how to name acids ending with “-ite”?

______________ous Acid

acids

pH < 7

base

pH > 7

What does the pH measure?

the measurement of the concentration of H+ ions (H3O+) in an aqueous solution.

pH equation

pH = -log [H+ ]

Every 1 unit change in pH is equal to a 10x concentration change of H3O+ ions.

pOH equation

pOH = - log [OH- ]

pH + pOH = 14

what is pOH

pOH is the measurement of the concentration of OH- ions in an aqueous solution

pH of water

pH = -log [H3O+ ] = -log [1 x 10-7 ] = 7

Where does weak acids exists?

In equilibrium.

HA (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + A- (aq)

what are the strong 6 acids

HCl, H2 SO4 , HI, HNO3 , HBr, HClO4

Does strong acids dissociate completely?

yes, so there would be a single arrow.

Will weak acids completely dissociate in water?

No

Do most metals react with acids?

Most metals react with acids, however using Table J on reference table will help you to determine which metals do react with acids in single replacement reactions.

Acid and Base Properties

• 1. Form electrolytic aqueous solutions

• 2. Bases taste bitter, acids taste sour

• 3. Bases (aq) are slippery, Acids are corrosive to metals

• 4. Bases turn red litmus blue, acids turn blue litmus red

• 5. In phenophthalein: base turns pink, acid colorless

• 6. Acid + Base → Salt + Water (neutralization reaction)

Acids: pH < 7 Base: pH > 7

arrhenius definition of acid

a substance that releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution.

arrhenius definition of base

a substance that releases OH- ion in an aqueous solution.

Bronsted -Lowry Definition of an acid

a proton donor

Bronsted-Lowry Definition

proton acceptor

what are strong bases

dissociate completely and are single arrow rxns; formed when alkali metals, Ca2+, Ba2+ or Sr2+ combine with hydroxide ions.

polyprotic acids

acids that has multiple H+ ions that can dissociate.

H2 SO4 , H2CO3 , H3PO4

Ka value gets smaller as each proton is lost

conjugate Acid-Base pairs

• Strong acids have weak conjugate bases

• Weak acids have strong conjugate bases