Inquisitive - Chapter 17: Freedom's Boundaries, at Home and Abroad, 1890—1900

Chinese-Americans fought the measures and restrictions put upon them through legal and illegal means. Match the state and Supreme Court cases of Chinese resistance to the correct description.

The California Supreme Court forced San Francisco to admit Chinese students into public schools.

-Tape v. Hurley

The Supreme Court ruled the Fourteenth Amendment awarded citizenship to children of Chinese immigrants born on American soil.

-United States v. Wong Kim Ark

The U.S. Supreme Court ordered the city of San Francisco to grant licenses to Chinese laundries.

-Yick Wo v. Hopkins

Match the following terms and statements dealing with labor and government interactions during this period.

federal troops called in to disperse hundreds of unemployed men marching on Washington

-Coxey's Army (Jacob Coxey)

declared martial law and sent militia and federal troops into mining regions to break up strikes

-Idaho governor

Strikes at a railroad car manufacturer led to a general strike by the American Railway Union that crippled national rail service.

-Pullman

Read and analyze the "Voices of Freedom" primary source document from the chapter titled "The Souls of Black Folk" (1903) by W. E. B. Du Bois. Afterward, complete the following statement.

Du Bois argued that while the perception among ignorant peoples was that African-Americans were __________, African-Americans were in fact ____________ to the development of the nation, stating that the United States was built through the blood and toil of ____________.

listless

integral

black Americans

The explosion that destroyed the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, was proven to have been the work of Spanish saboteurs.

False

Although the Fifteenth Amendment prohibited the use of race as a qualification for voting, southern states still found ways to prevent African-Americans from voting by drafting laws that required voters to read and write, or pay a poll tax.

True

Analyze the map below.

What does it reveal about Populist strength in the election of 1892?

Correct Answer(s)

-There was more Populist support in the West than in the East.

-Rural regions of the country represented a larger portion of the Populist vote.

Incorrect Answer(s)

-Large urban cities, such as Chicago, Illinois, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, tended to support the Populist candidate more so than rural areas.

-Mexico and Canada overwhelmingly supported the Populist candidate.

On the map below, select the areas that cast all of their electoral votes for William McKinley, the Republican candidate, in the presidential election of 1896.

14

23

36

How did the Populists try to appeal to industrial workers?

Correct Answer(s)

-They protected striking miners.

-They supported the demands of Coxey's Army for the government to provide unemployment relief.

Incorrect Answer(s)

-They adjusted their core issues to align with the concerns of the urban population.

-They opposed woman suffrage, which was a key issue of contention for the urban population.

The Populist platform of 1892, adopted at the party's Omaha convention, remains a classic document of American reform. Identify the statements that describe the Populist platform of 1892.

Correct Answer(s)

-called for public ownership of the railroads to ensure farmers would have inexpensive transportation to ship their crops to markets

-put forward a list of proposals that would restore democracy and economic opportunity

Incorrect Answer(s)

-called for tax breaks for corporations

-Many other social movements were inspired by the plan, immediately proposing their own sweeping political action plans.

Identify the statements that describe the Philippine War.

Correct Answer(s)

-The war was brutal, and both sides committed atrocities during the conflict that ultimately tarnished the reputation of the United States.

-McKinley justified the brutal prosecution of the war on the grounds that the United States was trying to civilize and Christianize the Filipinos.

-The U.S. colonial administration immediately invested in railroads and harbors, brought in American school teachers and public health officials, and sought to modernize agriculture.

-Emilio Aguinaldo, the leader of the Filipino rebellion against the Spanish, initially welcomed U.S. forces as allies against the Spanish.

Identify the statements that describe Booker T. Washington and his ideas.

Correct Answer(s)

-Washington urged blacks to adjust to segregation and abandon agitation for civil and political rights.

-Washington urged blacks to seek the assistance of white employers who would prefer docile, dependable black workers to radicalized whites.

Incorrect Answer(s)

-Washington was unpopular as assaults on segregation were seen as the only way to end racism.

-Washington changed the curriculum at Tuskegee to emphasize a classical education.

Identify the statements that describe Chinese immigration and immigrants to the United States.

Correct Answer(s)

-Congress excluded Chinese women from entering the United States.

-Chinese immigrants were required to carry identification at all times.

-The Chinese Exclusion Act temporarily barred immigrants from China.

Incorrect Answer(s)

-The Chinese population of California continued to grow exponentially between 1882 and 1930, despite efforts to restrict immigration.

Analyze the following cartoon from Puck, published December 1, 1897, and then complete the following statement.

An _________ of imperialism, the minister, depicted as President William McKinley, unites American icon ____________ in a shotgun wedding to _____________, which was annexed by the United States in 1898.

advocate

Uncle Sam

Hawaii

In the late nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, the United States emerged as a global empire. Place the following events in chronological order, tracing America's rise to a world power.

1. Cuba revolts against the Spanish.

2. The U.S.S. Maine sinks in Havana Harbor.

3. Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders defeat the Spanish at San Juan Hill.

4. Filipinos revolt against American occupation .

5. The Philippines receives independence.

Within the labor movement, the demise of the Knights of Labor led to a shift away from the broadly reformist past to more limited goals. The ascendancy of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was indicative of this new direction. Identify the statements that describe the AFL.

Correct Answer(s)

-Rather than confronting the owners of industry head on, the AFL devoted itself to negotiating with employers for better working conditions and higher wages.

-The new AFL policies became known as "business unionism" in the language of the era's business culture.

Incorrect Answer(s)

-The AFL fought for the rights of women to belong to unions and organize.

-During the 1890s, union membership continued to decline as it became more inclusive of blacks and immigrants.

The 1890s witnessed a major shift in the sources of immigration to the United States. Define the key terms pertaining to the "new immigrants."

the region(s) from which most traditional immigrants came

-Ireland, England, Germany, and Scandinavia

the region(s) from which most "new immigrants" came --eastern Europe

descriptive term used by native-born Americans to describe new immigrants

-"races"

The Immigration Restriction League, while having a large membership, failed to have any impact on legislation in Congress limiting the influx of immigrants to the United States.

False

Which of the following are true concerning the 1896 election?

Correct Answer(s)

-William Jennings Bryan was the candidate for the Democrats and the Populists.

-The election of 1896 is considered the first "modern" election by many historians.

-Republicans' main challenge to the Populists' candidate was the "gold standard" as gold was the only "honest" currency.

Incorrect Answer(s)

-The Populist candidate won by a landslide.

Analyze the following political cartoon.

What does this 1903 cartoon reveal about Americans' feelings toward immigrants?

Correct Answer(s)

-Immigrants were a threat to American ideals.

-An uncontrollable flood of immigrants was threatening American shores.

Incorrect Answer(s)

-Immigrants were running from America, trying to escape the oppression they faced.

-Immigrants included doctors, teachers, and entrepreneurs.

Watch the video featuring author Eric Foner.

What direction was the women's movement taking in the late nineteenth century?

Correct Answer(s)

-With the rise in the employment of women came a new focus on woman suffrage.

-As women moved into areas that had previously only been open to men, they demanded a political voice.

Incorrect Answer(s)

-Women were focused on the private realm, including taking care of children, so there was no organized effort in support of universal suffrage.

-Women were thankful for the opportunity to work outside the home, so they didn't press for a political voice.