ppy 4

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 1 person
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/103

flashcard set

Earn XP

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

104 Terms

1
New cards
What is in blood
fibrinogen, von willebrand factors (VWF), prothrombin, clotting factors
2
New cards
Sequence when you get a wound
1. wound VWF binds to collagen, 2. platelets bind to collagen via VWF, 3. Binding to collagen activates platelets, 4. A thrombus is formed (platelet plug), does not need thrombin
3
New cards
Thrombin
used for clotting
4
New cards
Thrombus
many platelets piled up
5
New cards
Prothrombin (Xa)
→ thrombin
6
New cards
Fibrinogen (thrombin)
→ Fibrin
7
New cards
Fibrin (XIII)
→ crosslinked fibrin (clot)
8
New cards
Xa
Need to clot
9
New cards
Intrinsic pathways
negative charged surface (platelet lipids), clotting factors, calcium, vitamin K
10
New cards
Extrinsic pathways
negative charged surface (platelet lipids), clotting factors, calcium, vitamin K, tissue factor (thromboplastin)(from endothelial cells)
11
New cards
Effect of aspirin
aspirin inhibits TX2 released by platelets
12
New cards
TX2 is involved in
both platelet aggregation and in contraction of smooth muscle at site of wound (limits blood loss)
13
New cards
Serotonin is involved in
only vascular constriction at site of the wound
14
New cards
When TXA2 is reduced
both platelet aggregation (thrombus formation) and vascular contraction of smooth muscle at site of would is reduced
15
New cards
VWF platelets bind to fibrinogen via VWF (is not direct)
What binds directly to collagen
16
New cards
ADP and TX2
What stimulates the calling in of more platelets to form the platelet plug
17
New cards
TX2 and serotonin
what causes vasoconstriction at site of wound
18
New cards
Blood flow through the systemic circulation
come out through left ventricle into aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, right atrium
19
New cards
Cardiac Output
Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
20
New cards
BP
Cardiac Output x Total Peripheral Resistance
21
New cards
Mean Arterial Pressure
(Systolic Pressure + 2 Diastolic Pressure)/3
22
New cards
Heart muscle AP
1. Sodium channel, sodium channel inactivates and K opens, L-tyoe Ca channels open, L-Type closes, K close
23
New cards
Plateau region, refractory region, repolarization
L type channels open for a brief time during
24
New cards
Filling ventricles
AV open, SL closed (pressure higher in atrium)
25
New cards
Isovolumetric contraction
AV closed, SL closed (pressure higher in aorta)
26
New cards
Ejection
ventricles open (pressure higher in ventricles)
27
New cards
Filling ventricles
PA>PV
28
New cards
Isovolumetric contraction
PA
29
New cards
Ejection
PAPaorta
30
New cards
Preload
directly related to ventricular filling
31
New cards
After load
pressure that the heart must work against to eject blood during systole
32
New cards
TPR
related to BP
33
New cards
Ventricles fill less so less stretch
what happens if preload (EDV) decreases and what can it cause
34
New cards
Less stretch
less overlap of myosin heads with actin sites for myosin binding, kess force of contraction, decrease in Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output
35
New cards
Automanatics effect cardiac output and stroke volume
36
New cards
Parasympathetic
only affects heart rate (decrease cardiac output decrease heart rate)
37
New cards
Sympathetic heart rate
increase cardiac output
38
New cards
Stroke volume up
cardiac output up (sympathetics)
39
New cards
Sympathetic
increase preload venous return, increase contractility, increase cardiac output
40
New cards
AV delay, decrease in conduction velocity
When the heart slows because of parasympathetic activity there is an increase in
41
New cards
The ventricles do not contract at the same time as the atria
There is a delay at the AV node to ensure
42
New cards
During fast heart rate conduction velocity increases
AV delay is less, opposite for slowing of heart rate
43
New cards
Systolic pressure increases, diastolic pressure stays constant
During exercise BP increases because
44
New cards
Blood accumulates in the legs and venous return decreases. This drops EDV (preload) and SV decreases. Decrease in SV results in decrease in CO and drop in BP, You turn on the sympathetic to counter the drip in BP.
Why does BP drop when you suddenly stand up
45
New cards
Pooling blood in lower extremities, decrease in cardiac output
decrease in BP when you stand up
46
New cards
MAP
mean of blood pressure
47
New cards
What could cause a drop in MAP
drop in SV by drop in venous return, drop in heart rate caused by drop in CO (parasympathetic), drop in TPR
48
New cards
P wave
depolarization of atria in response to SA node triggering
49
New cards
T wave
ventricular repolarization
50
New cards
PR interval
delay of AV node to allow filling of ventricles
51
New cards
QRS complex
depolarization of ventricles, triggers main pumping contractions
52
New cards
ST segment
beginning of ventricular repolarization, should be flat
53
New cards
Sympathetic
activates Gs phosphorylate the sodium channel and they open faster
54
New cards
Parasympathetic
activate Gi inhibits adenylate cyclase and cAMP production and beta gammas bind to K channels and slow the closing of these channels
55
New cards
High BP, low albumin, leakage of protein into interstitial fluid
What causes edema in legs?
56
New cards
High BP
hydrostatic pressure
57
New cards
Low albumin
which is decrease in plasma protein which decreases osmotic pressure
58
New cards
BP measurement
first sound systolic pressure, hear sound until you drop below diastolic pressure (no sound)
59
New cards
systolic pressure
first sound (top)
60
New cards
diastolic pressure
no sound (bottom)
61
New cards
A metabolic
no cause relaxation
62
New cards
Stretch responds to either stretch of smooth muscle or lack of stretch smooth muscle contraction
63
New cards
MAP = (SP+2DP)/3
64
New cards
86=(110+2x75)/3
MAP BP 110/75
65
New cards
Conducting zones
bronchi, regulate air flow to alveoli smooth muscle
66
New cards
Conducting zone
Cleans with ciliated cells and mucous cells
67
New cards
Respiratory zone
alveoli, where gas exchange takes place
68
New cards
Partial pressure
% of gas X total pressure
69
New cards
120 = .2 X 600
Total pressure 600 and O2 = 20% find Partial pressure
70
New cards
Take a breath
intrapleural space expands and pressure drops, lungs expand, lung volume increases so alveolar pressure drops relative to Atm pressure and air moves into the lungs
71
New cards
Diaphragm contracts and external intercostal muscles contract
Muscles that move while quiet breathing
72
New cards
Opposite
Muscles that move when you quiet expire
73
New cards
Prevents collapse of lungs, decreases surface tension
What is the role of surfactant
74
New cards
In type 2 cells in the alveoli
Where is surfactant made
75
New cards
Surfactant
does not increase elasticity, increases compliance
76
New cards
Inspiratory reserve volume
when you take deep breath volume taken in
77
New cards
Expiratory reserve volume
blowing air out forcefully
78
New cards
Vital capacity
Title Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume
79
New cards
Inspiratory capacity
Title Volume + IRV + maxim air you can take in
80
New cards
Passive diffusion
Both O2 and CO2 move across membranes by
81
New cards
CO2 flows from
high pressure to low
82
New cards
Normal conditions of CO2
high in capillaries and flow from capillaries to alveoli
83
New cards
O2 flows from
high pressure to low
84
New cards
Chloride shift
1.CO2 is released to alveoli and exhaled, 2. CO2 is converted to HCO3 at tissues to be carried by blood, 3. Shift allows for conversion of CO2 to HCO3 at tissue in tissue 4. Shift of HCO3 to CO2 in lungs
85
New cards
Tissue to lungs (70% HCO3, 20% carbamino HB, 10% dissolved in blood)
How is CO2 transported
86
New cards
Decreased affinity
HB/O2 binding and release increased temp
87
New cards
Increased CO2
decreased affinity
88
New cards
Decreased pH
decrease affinity
89
New cards
Shift graph to the left
increase affinity
90
New cards
Lungs
Want high oxygen affinity in the
91
New cards
Hemoglobin wants
less affinity
92
New cards
Acid, CO2, DPG
shifts to the right, decrease affinity
93
New cards
Immediately O2 levels drop, hyperventilate and lower CO2 so affinity for O2 increases, gives better O2 loading, after a few days DPG levels increase and O2 affinity decreases
What happens if you go up to altitude
94
New cards
If aveouls is poorly ventilated
O2 down, CO2 high then constrict this capillary blood vessle to limit blood flow to this alveolus
95
New cards
If no blood flow to alveoli
O2 high, CO2 low, constrict the smooth muscle of the alvelous that is not perfused and relax the other
96
New cards
Stay unchanged bc increased ventilation
During exercise O2 levels
97
New cards
Lungs are not functioning
you hyperventilate, CO2 builds up and move to right get more H+ acidosis
98
New cards
Metabolic acidosis
lungs are fine if acidic, lungs want to hyperventilate to lower H+ so PCO2 levels are low
99
New cards
Acidosis/Alkalosis
H20+CO2 (CA)= H2CO3 = H + HCO3
100
New cards
Carotid bodies and aortic bodies
peripheral Chemoreceptors located