History Final Exam

Missouri Compromise 1820

there were 11 slave states and 11 free states. Missouri wanted to get rid of slaves and join the union as a free state. compromise is missouri would be a slave state but Maine would be added and be a free state. all states above a certain point automaticly became free and under became slave

Indian Removal Act

forced Native Americans to sign a treaty and move west. successfully moved most big tribes. Different tribes fought back. result is new land for slave owners. blew up slavery

Trail of Tears

Indians were forced to leave their lands and walk a trail with US military that was heavily armed. it was cold and they didn't have much food, water, or medication. About 25% of Indians didn't make it

Andrew Jackson

first president to not have connections to other political leaders. this caused him to not be seen as a threat. wins fame for defeating the British. runs for president twice and wins the second time. Passed the Indian removal act.

Oregan Trail

people traveled to organ because the economy was good in the west. Traveled in groups because the travail was a cooperative effort. woman gained control of wagons. weather, diseases, and starvation killed travelers more then Indians. result was it caused a boom in westward expansion.

Donner Party

Traveled the Oregon trail and made many mistakes. packed wagon with furniture and didn't pack supplies. left at a bad time. Tried to take a short cut through western Utah(not much water). this caused them to lose their animals. Ran into massive snowfall and got trapped. resort to eating pack animals and then cannibalism.

Steven Douglas

wanted to build a railroad to connect the East and the West. wants it to start in Chicago, and the North doesn't support. goes to south for support. Promoted the Kansas-Nebraska act which further divided the nation over slavery.

The Liberator

An anti-slavery newspaper written by William Garrison. It drew attention to abolition. slave owners in the south lashed out. people in the south believed the paper encouraged slaves to rebel. encouraged American to end slavery.

Frederick Douglass

taught him and other slaves to read. escapes his plantation and had lots of good luck. settled in Massachusetts and becomes a member of a church. Gave antislavery speeches. caught attention of audience since he was a slave. Wrote an autobiography that shocked the south become of his intelligence. becomes famous and is found by former slave owner. legally purchased himself.

Sojourner Truth

changed name due to conversation with God. lived in New York and escaped slavery. A year after escaping slaves were set free. Pushed women to participate in politics to end slavery. Not popular among white women. helped bring an end to slavery in the United States.

Popular Sovereignty

New territories in the south would be able to organize and decide for themselves if they would have slaves. Popular sovereignty was one of the causes of the Civil War because it caused heated tension and violence between the northern and southern states.

Henry Clay

created the compromise of 1850 and known for creating previous compromises. (Anti-slave: California was made a free state, and limited the size of Texas.) (pro-slave: allowed popular sovereignty and pushed for inclusion of slave act). he forged the Compromise of 1850 to maintain the Union, but such compromises could not settle the fractious issues that ultimately resulted in Civil War.

key advantages for the south (confederate)

1. had advantages in terms of labor: half the population was slaves so the south didn't have to pay for food while the north did.
2. confederacy had more military experience: more southerners in the military. many military veterans and leaders. North just had people vs experience.
3. Inspiration: most battles were in the south so they were defending homes and families.!80% of men in the south sided with the confederacy to fight in the military. (way of life would be destroyed)

key advantages for the north(union)

1. population was 22 million and south was 5 million. war to fight secession to prevent further problems
2. Industry: Heavy industry- created war weapons(cannons, ammunition). 93% of heavy industries were in the north.
3. Transportation: more railroads then the south. railways stopped in the south. very little railways that go east to west( if people wanted to go another way they had to walk)

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites. restricted African Americans right to vote. Created literary tests for African Americans and not whites. important because it essentially ended the reconstruction in the south

Compromise of 1877

Deal that settled the 1876 presidential election contest between Hayes and Tilden. Hayes was awarded presidency in exchange for the permanent removal of federal troops from the South. This was important because it single handedly ended the reconstruction.

Carpet Baggers

White Republican politicians from the north who went to the South to run for political office(easier to win office here). wanted to end slavery in the south. This is important because they helped the reconstruction.

(Radical reconstruction) 1.Military reconstruction act

It divided the South into five military districts that were commanded by Union generals. It was passed in 1867. It ripped the power away from the president to be commander in chief and set up a system of Martial Law. This is important because it forced the south to be compliant in the reconstruction.

(Radical reconstruction) 2.command of the army act

prohibited the president from issuing military orders except through the commanding general of the army who could not be relieved or assigned elsewhere without the consent of the Senate. This is important because it restricted the presidents power.

(Radical reconstruction) 3.Tenure of Office Act

Required the president to seek approval from the Senate before removing appointees. This is important because it restricted the presidents power.

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws. This was important because it gave rights to free african americans and made certain racist groups mad.

The black codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves and was passed by southern states following the Civil War. These were important because they supported a slave society without the slavery.

John Wilkes Booth

He killed abraham Lincoln because he was scared that he was going to overthrow the constitution and end the south as he knew it. This is important because this led to Johnson becoming president and doing exactly what John Wilkes Booth was afraid of and abolishing slavery.

Reconstruction era

The time after the Civil War between 1866 and 1877 when the institutions and infrastructure of the South were rebuilt. This officialy destoryed legal slavery but didnt succesfully end segregation for slaves.

Emancipation Proclomation

order issued by President Abraham Lincoln freeing the slaves in areas rebelling against the Union, took effect January 1, 1863. This is important because this was a big step in Abraham Lincoln showing that he was an abolishonist after not being one.

Batle of Bullron

In this battle the union fought the confederacy and wanted to stand out with cute uniforms. It rained and the union lost badly t the confederacy. This is importan because the union realizes they need the anaconda plan.

General Winfield Scott

Was a notible war general who beleived that the civil war was going to be very long when others thought it was going to be short. He wrote the anaconda plan which was a long term war pan and it is important because it helped the union succeed in winning over the south.

John Brown

Abolishonist that wanted to end slavery through violence. He sent an army of 20 people to raid harpers fairy, failed, and was sentenced to death. He is important because he helped abolisionists realize that violence was necessary.

Dred Scott

He fought for his freedom through due process and lost to the supreme court due to black people not being allowed due process. This is important because it resulted in the missouri compromise being called unconstitutional.

Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner

Preston Brooks, a representative from SC, got into an argument with Charles Sumner, a MA senator, over slavery; Brooks beat Sumner with his cane; Brooks beat Sumner so severely that his cane broke, and it took Sumner 2 years to recover

Bleeding Kansas

A series of violent fights between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas who had moved to Kansas to try to influence the decision of whether or not Kansas would a slave state or a free state. This is important because it showed that armed violence was necessary in abolishing slavery.

sirjourner truth

She spoke about the abolitionist movement and women's right, as well as, challenging abolitionist for not speaking out for equality of black men and women. This is important because she encouraged abolishonists in the north to do something about salvery.