VTNE Practice Test C & D

The daily maintenance energy requirement (kcal) for a 4 kg cat is 220

Which of the following is used primarily to vent waste gases scavenger

Isopropyl alcohol is most effective as a germicidal agent when used in aqueous solution at a concentration of 70%

In a dog, assessment of the gingival sulcus depth should be performed during the dental prophylaxis with periodontal probe

The canine cervix is located between the vagina and the body of the uterus

Arterial blood gas may provide erroneous results if it is allowed to clot

The type of fracture that commonly affects young, growing animals and can result in limb deformities is called salter

harris

Mandibular molars are commonly radiographed using which technique parallel

Which of the following collection techniques will provide a urine sample that is free of contaminates for bacterial culture cystocentesis

Which active ingredient controls flea populations by breaking the life cycle at the egg stage lufenuron

The benefit of selective COX

2 inhibitors in the treatment of inflammation is they have anti

The most appropriate position to recover cattle from general anesthesia is sternal recumbency

Which of the following drugs could add to the adverse effects of chocolate toxicity theophylline

A rodenticide that can depress clotting factors for 3

4 weeks is brodifacoum

A rabbit presents with otoacariasis. Which of the following is the most likely causitive agent Psoroptes cuniculi

During a manufacturing shortage of Dichlorvos, which of the following drugs could a veterinarian prescribe as a substitute in the same drug class trichlorfon

Which of the following is known as the Wolf tooth in an equine first premolar

Which is the best option for long term pain management of hip dysplasia in an 8

year old golden retriever with Cushings Disease NSAIDS

The proper needle placement for a lumbar myelogram is between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae

Which of the following is the most likely source of bovine viral diarrhea in a herd of cattle persistently infected animals

Which exposure factor primarily controls the quantity of x

rays produced mA

Which bacterial disease is spread by contaminated humans or objects and is easily transmitted between horses strangles

The strongest analgesia is achieved by drugs that stimulate which of the following receptors Mu

If a fentanyl transdermal patch is being used to deliver long term analgesia, which would inhibit the analgesic effect butorphanol

The Coggins test is used to detect which equine disease infectious anemia

Sedation ordered for a 13

lb cat at 11mg/kg is supplied as a liquid with a concentration of 100 mg/mL. What volume is needed for this patient? 0.65 mL

The average gestation period in a hamster is approximately 16 days

Which of the following suture patterns is considered continuous ford interlocking

Which of the following could be seen in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis hypoinsulinemia, decreased potassium levels

The correct order for the steps in the pain pathway is transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception

A prolonged prothrombin time or partial thromboplastin time would indicate a problem with secondary hemostasis such as:
A. von Willebrand's disease.
B. rodenticide poisoning.
C. thrombocytopenia.
D. thrombocytopathy rodenticide poisoning.

Which of the following is the best vein to use for blood collection in healthy medium to large pet birds?
A. Right jugular
B. Medial metatarsal
C. Basilic
D. Left jugular A. Right jugular

The emergency treatment of cardiac tamponade is:
A. anticoagulation therapy.
B. diuretic therapy.
C. treatment of arrythmia.
D. pericardiocentesis. D. pericardiocentesis.

Ear protection should be worn when restraining which of the following species?
A. Psittacine
B. Camelid
C. Lagomorph
D. Porcine D. Porcine

The advantage of using regional anesthesia in dentistry is the:
A. ability to block entire quadrants.
B. transient loss of sensation.
C. loss of function in the area.
D. loosening of gingival attachments. A. ability to block entire quadrants.

Blastomycosis is a disease caused by a:
A. rickettsia.
B. fungus.
C. bacterium.
D. virus. B. fungus.

Lead gloves protect the technician primarily from what type of radiation?
A. Primary
B. Background
C. Scatter
D. Tertiary C. Scatter

Which species is most sensitive to hyperthermia during physical restraint?
A. Porcine
B. Ovine
C. Equine
D. Caprine A. Porcine

Which of the following statements is true of a rebreathing circuit with an intubated patient?
A. Allows for rapid change of inspired anesthetic concentration
B. Conserves patient body heat through rebreathed air
C. Has an increased danger of patient hypocarbia
D. Requires a high flow rate to be effective B. Conserves patient body heat through rebreathed air

This type of leptocyte can be caused by:
A. oxidative denatured hemoglobin production.
B. immune

mediated hemolytic anemia.
C. improper EDTA to whole blood ratio.
D. condensation during blood smear preparation C. improper EDTA to whole blood ratio.

What are the predominant cells in a sample collected from a purulent inflammatory lesion?
A. Neutrophils
B. Lymphocytes
C. Macrophages
D. Monocytes A. Neutrophils

Which of the following pre

anesthesia groups has antiemetic properties?
A. Thiazine derivatives
B. Phenothiazines
C. Benzodlazepines
D. Opioids B. Phenothiazines

Most anesthetic drugs used in ruminants:
A. are preceded by administration of an anticholinergic.
B. cause a drug

induced GI hypermotility and post

Which medical suffix is used when a procedure involves surgical creation of an artificial opening?
A. ectomy
B. otomy
C. ostomy
D.

plasty C. ostomy

Large quantities of calcium carbonate crystals, which cause the urine to be viscous and opaque, are normally present in the urine of a:
A. rat.
B. mouse.
C. rabbit.
D. cat. C. rabbit.

Which of the following drugs is used to promote uterine contractions in a bitch?
A. Lincomycin
B. Progesterone
C. Dexamethasone
D. Oxytocin D. Oxytocin

Theobromine toxicity occurs after ingestion of:
A. chocolate.
B. grapes.
C. onions.
D. lilies. A. chocolate.

A pulse oximeter will help an anesthetist:
A. check arterial CO2 levels.
B. evaluate the quality of respirations.
C. assess tissue perfusion.
D. measure blood pressure Indirectly. C. assess tissue perfusion.

What is the most likely cause for an increased amount of polychromatic red blood cells on a blood smear?
A. The patient Is polycythemic.
B. The patient is anemic.
C. The sample was not stained properly.
D. The sample was refrigerated. B. The patient is anemic.

A patient shows the following characteristics:
Corneal reflex Palpebral reflex Lateral nystagmus Unstimulated blinking Eyeball rotation Tearing
Brisk Brisk Present Present Centered Present
How would this patient's plane of anesthesia be characterized?
A. Light
B. Adequate
C. Moderately deep
D. Very deep A. Light

Permanent incisors of the dog erupt at the age of:
A. 6

10 weeks.
B. 12

Without refrigeration, chemical analysis of blood samples should be completed within how many hours?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 5
D. 7 A. 1

The term hyperpnea refers to an abnormal increase in:
A. expiratory reserve volume of the lungs.
B. rate and/or depth of breathing.
C. volume of dead space in the lungs.
D. functional residual volume of the lungs. B. rate and/or depth of breathing.

In the nursing care for a hospitalized paralyzed animal, it is highly important to check for:
A. visual acuity.
B. cardiac failure.
C. full bladder.
D. blood pressure. C. full bladder.

Gavage feeding in birds is correctly performed when food is delivered to the:
A. proventricular.
B. ventriculus.
C. crop.
D. esophagus. C. crop.

Which of the following areas should be shaved for an exploratory laparotomy?
A. midsternum to pubis; laterally to edge of ribs
B. umbilicus to caudal pelvis; laterally to edge of ribs
C. cranially to the mandible; caudally to thoracic inlet; laterally to commissure of lips
D. dorsally to tail head; laterally to tuber ischii, centrally to mid

thigh A. midsternum to pubis; laterally to edge of ribs

A veterinarian orders a 10

day supply of antibiotics to be dispensed to the owner of a 50

The level of waste anesthetic gas is most influenced by:
A. the use of a scavenging system.
B. whether or not a chamber is used.
C. the flow of gas.
D. the presence of leaks. A. the use of a scavenging system.

The major lesion associated with infections of horses by Strongylus vulgaris is injury to the:
A. peritoneum.
B. liver.
C. arterial system.
D. lungs. C. arterial system.

When radiographing the teeth of a canine, the parallel technique should be used on which teeth?
A. 108, 109, 110
B. 204, 205, 206
C. 307, 308, 309
D. 401, 402, 403 C. 307, 308, 309

Removing social interaction from an animal in order to influence behavior is an example of:
A. positive punishment.
B. negative punishment.
C. negative reinforcement
D. positive reinforcement. B. negative punishment.

Regarding the use of antibiotics in food animals, withdrawal time is the period of time:
A. allowed between when a drug is first given to a food animal and when the last dose may be given.
B. required between when one dose of a medication can be given to a food animal and when a second, different medication can be given.
C. between when the last dose was administered to a food animal and when it is allowed to rejoin the rest of the herd or flock.
D. between when the last dose was administered and when the animal can be slaughtered for food or its products. D. between when the last dose was administered and when the animal can be slaughtered for food or its products.

The ova of Pearsonema plica (formerly Capillaria plica) was detected on a urine sediment evaluation of a 6

year

An adult horse under anesthesia has a respiratory rate of 20 breaths/minute, nystagmus, and a mean arterial blood pressure of 100 mm Hg. This patient's
anesthetic depth is:
A. too light to perform surgery.
B. adequate for surgery
C. too deep and should be treated.
D. not able to be assessed with this Information. A. too light to perform surgery.

Locallzed heat therapy as part of pain management:
A. increases vasoconstriction.
B. Increases vasodilation.
C. decreases tissue metabolism.
D. decreases Inflammatory response. B. Increases vasodilation

Which of the following instruments is a combination needle holder and scissors?
A. Olsen

Hegar
B. Mayo Hegar
C. Rochester

A cat is presented with suspected feline infectious peritonitis. What would be the expected PCV and TP measurements?
A. Normal PCV with high TP
B. High PCV with normal TP
C. Low PCV with low TP
D. Normal PCV with low TP A. Normal PCV with high TP

Which of the following is true regarding pain scales?
A. They are valuable for determining patient response to treatment.
B. They are unnecessary because they don't reliably work.
C. They are an academic tool that is only used in school.
D. They are valuable but too hard to use regularly for patients. A. They are valuable for determining patient response to treatment.

Which radiographic contrast media is contraindicated for use in patients with a suspected GI perforation?
A. Water

soluble lodide
B. Non

Which of the following retractors is most appropriate for use on the Jung lobes to improve access to the heart?
A. Gelpl
B. Weitlaner
C. Malleable
D. Rake C. Malleable

Clients should be advised that while taking phenobarbital to control seizures, their pet may exhibit:
A. polypnea.
B. anorexla.
C. polyuria.
D. pyrexia C. polyuria.

A dog with a suspected urinary tract infection is being discharged home on an orally administered antibiotic pending results of the urine culture and sensitivity.
In order to maintain high concentrations of the drug in the urine, the veterinarian should choose:
A. amoxicillin.
B. doxycycline.
C. Incomycin
D. erythromycin. A. amoxicillin.

Which of the following describes the advantage of combining penicillin G with benzathine as an Injectable medication?
A. The peak plasma concentration of the combination is higher.
B. Penicillin G benzathine may be administered intravenously.
C. The combination extends the duration of drug activity.
D. Drug absorption Is a more rapld at the site of Injection. C. The combination extends the duration of drug activity.

Malignant hyperthermia is most common in which of the following species?
A. Pigs
B. Sheep
C Llamas
D. Cattle A. Pigs

The primary function of the unidirectional valve is to ensure:
A. a circle breathing system.
B. a nonrebreathing circuit.
C. oxygen flow to the vaporizer.
D. inflation of the rebreathing bag. A. a circle breathing system.

The clinical effects of non

steroidal anti

For an onychectomy, a tourniquet should be placed distal to the elbow to prevent damage to which of the following nerves?
A. Median B. Metacarpal C. Radial D. Ulnar C. Radial

Severe acute lameness in horses is most commonly caused by a:
A. bowed tendon.
B. hoof abscess.
C. ringbone.
D. neurologic disease. B. hoof abscess.

n order to accurately dellver 1:10 dllution of 2.27% enrofloxacin to a 40 g (1.41 oz) parakeet that needs to be treated with 5 mg/kg IM, which of the following
volume values is required?
A. 0.009 mL
B. 0.09 mL
C. 0.9 mL
D. 9.0 mL B. 0.09 mL

The level of consciousness of a feline patient was assessed and it was determined that the cat was unresponsive to all stimuli, including pain. Which of the following terms should be written on the examination record?
A. Comatose
B. Obtunded
C. Stuporous
D. Lethargic A. Comatose

Which of the following classes of drugs decreases oral secretions and increases heart rate prior to anesthetic induction?
A. Anticholinergics
B. Tranquilizers
C. Cholinergics
D. Barbiturates A. Anticholinergics

One common side effect of narcotics in dogs is:
A. hypertension.
B. mydriasis.
c. tachycardia.
D. respiratory depression. D. respiratory depression.

Dehydrated animals will most likely have which of the following laboratory findings?
A. Increased total protein and increased urine specific gravity
B. Increased total protein and decreased urine specific gravity
C. Decreased total protein and increased urine specific gravity
D. Decreased total protein and decreased urine specific gravity A. Increased total protein and increased urine specific gravity

Unused media intended for microbiology purposes should be stored:
A. in an incubator.
B. in the freezer.
C. at room temperature.
D. In the refrigerator. D. In the refrigerator.

Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure is associated with:
A. asthma.
B. pneumonia.
C. pulmonary thromboembolism.
D. pulmonary edema A. asthma.

Creeping eruption is an intensely pruritic eruption of the human skin, usually caused by the larvae of:
A. whipworms.
B. roundworms.
C. tapeworms.
D. hookworms. D. hookworms.

Which of the following grids used in x

ray production will require the highest mA

Which antimicrobial could Induce seizures in an epileptic animal?
A. Tetracyclines
B. Fluoroquinolones
C. Sulfonamides
D. Penicillins B. Fluoroquinolones

Which vein should be accessed for CRT assessment in an avian patient?
A. Basilic
B. Right jugular
C. Medial metatarsal
D. Saphenous A. Basilic

According to the classification system created by the American Veterinary Dental College, which of the following stages of periodontal disease is described as
gingivitis only, without attachment loss?
A. PDO
B. PD 1
C. PD 2
D. PD 3 B. PD 1

The incidence of catheter

associated urinary tract infections may be reduced by:
A. flushing the urinary catheter with sterile saline.
B. cleaning the prepuce or vestibule with antiseptic soap.
C. taking frequent urine samples through the catheter.
D. placing sterile lubricant over the urethral orifice. B. cleaning the prepuce or vestibule with antiseptic soap.

Where is the point of balance located in equine?
A. Near the shoulder
B. Near the hip
C. In the flight zone
D. At the edge of the flight zone A. Near the shoulder

Which of the following is a common carrier of Salmonella bacteria?
A. Budgie
B. Ferret
C. Turtle
D. Fish C. Turtle

Current recommendations for vaccinating cats include administering:
A. panleukopenia vaccine in the distal left hind leg.
B. rabies vaccine in the right shoulder.
C. no vaccines in the intrascapular space.
D. feline leukemia virus vaccine intramuscularly. C. no vaccines in the intrascapular space.

The working end of a dental hand scaler has a:
A. sharp tip and a semicircular cross section.
B. sharp tip and a triangular cross section.
C. rounded tip and a triangular cross section.
D. rounded tip and a semicircular cross section. B. sharp tip and a triangular cross section.

A 53.6

1b (24.4

The incisors of sheep are located on the:
A. caudal aspect of the mandible.
B. rostral aspect of the maxilla.
C. rostral aspect of the maxilla and the mandible.
D. rostral aspect of the mandible. D. rostral aspect of the mandible.

Cholestasis, increased osteoblastic activity, or corticosteroid therapy in the canine patient may cause an increase in:
A. alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
B. alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
C. aspartate aminotransferase (AST).
D. cholecystokinin (CK). B. alkaline phosphatase (ALP).

Fungal cultures should be incubated at:
A. 0°C (32°F)
B. 4°C (40°F)
C. 25°C (72°F)
D. 37°C (98°F) C. 25°C (72°F)

The finished radiograph lacks density. How would this problem be corrected?
A. Increasing focal film distance
B. Increasing kVp
C. Decreasing mAs
D. Decreasing exposure time B. Increasing kVp