Human Biology Chapter 16: Endocrine System

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17 Terms

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Endocrine System

Organ system involved in the coordination of body activities; use hormones as chemical signals secreted into the bloodstream.

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Hormones

A protein or steroid produced by a cell that affects a different cell the so-called target cell.

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Endocrine Glands

Ductless organ that secretes a hormone or hormones into the blood stream.

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Peptide Hormones

Type of hormone that is a protein, a peptide, or derived from an amino acid.

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Steroid Hormones

One of a group of hormones derived from cholesterol.

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Pituitary Gland

Endocrine gland that lies just inferior to the hypothalamus; consists of the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary.

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(Pituitary) Dwarfism

Condition that results in individuals having reduced height compared to individuals of the same sex, age, and ethic background.

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Acromegaly

Condition resulting from an increase in growth hormone production after adult height has been achieved.

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Thyroid Gland

Endocrine gland in the neck that produces several important hormones, including thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin.

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Cretinism

Nitrogenous waste; the end product of creatine phosphate metabolism.

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Adrenal Gland

An endocrine gland that lies atop a kidney; consisting of the inner adrenal medulla and the outer adrenal cortex.

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Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in times of stress.

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Pancreas

Internal organ that produces digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon.

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Ovary

Female gonads that produce eggs and the female hormones.

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Testes

Male gonads that produce sperm and the make sex hormones.

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Testosterone

male sex hormone that helps maintain sexual organs and secondary sex characteristics.

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Estrogen

Females sex hormone that helps maintain sex organs and secondary sex characteristics..