ATI Teas 7: Reading: Craft and Structure (9 questions in this section)

A _____ can be subjected to analysis and can be either PROVED or DISPROVED.

Fact

An _______ merely conveys an author's PERSONAL THOUGHTS OR FEELINGS.

Opinion

How can you determine if the text is factual vs opinion?

- ask yourself is the author citing specific evidence to support the claim?

- is language being used that indicates that they are sharing their own opinion (personal thoughts and opinions)

-are their citations supporting their facts?

The following signal words are example of what?

-Believe, think or feel

Opinion

True or false: Opinions may be supported by facts.

True

Is the following statement and fact or an opinion: the sun is the largest star in our solar system.

Fact; it's supported by scientific evidence

Is the following statement and fact or an opinion: i thunk the sun is the most beautiful star in our solar system.

Opinion; the statement is based off of feels and what the author thinks

What examples of sources that show evidence of facts?

- print, electric sources, personal interviews, arms observations

-credible sources that come from RELIABLE authors and ACCURATE information

The ____ of a text is the author's perspective or opinion from which a passage is told.

Point of view

An author may use ______ point of view to express their OWN opinions on a topic: personal correspondence, narratives, fiction, or informal writing.

First-person

An author may use ____ point of view the express SOMEBODY ELSE'S OPINIONS or to PRESENT OBJECTIVE INFORMATION.

Third-person

_______ point of view lets authors/narrators express their inner feelings and thoughts.

First-person

Which point of view writes in the perspective of "I" " me" and "we"?

First-person

______ point of view allows the writer to address the reader or audience

Second-person

Which point of view is characterized by the use it pronouns that directly address the audience like "you"?

Second-person

_____ point of view uses pronouns like "he" "she" and "they"

Third-person

What is the overall attitude of the author toward the subjects matter or audience as it is reflected in his use of language such as word choice.

Author's tone

True or False: the language a writer uses to describe a topic cannot reveal the writers true feelings toward a topic or audience.

False: the authors tone CAN reveal true feelings toward a topic or audience and it can often reveal the author's purpose or biases.

True or False: the author's tone can be positive (joyful, happy), negative (sad, detached), or neutral (ominous).

True

How can you determine the tone of a text?

May be best to consider the event or context or even circumstances behind that particular text.

-For example, an author might have a POSITIVE tone about education by using language such as positive words or phrases such as "learning opportunities" and the "importance of education".

-On the flip side, the author may have a NEGATIVE tone by using language that express the " burden of homework" or the "pressure of standardized tests"

True or False: The key is to understand the author 's tone so you can better understand their argument.

True

A_____ is evident when an author is purposefully or grossly UNFAIR or INACCURATE in his or her presentation.

Bias

A ____ is also the author's preference for one thing over another.

Bias

Authors demonstrate a ____ when the ignore reasonable counter arguments or distort opposing viewpoints.

Bias

What can an author's bias be based off of?

-personal experiences, cultural background, or political beliefs.

State some phrases that express bias.

"education is the key to success"

"good education is essential"

"Education is a waste of time"

What are some signal words that expresses the author's bias?

"Should" "must", and "everyone..."

______ are oversimplifications of groups of people or places that are based on preconceived notions

Stereotypes

State some signal words that indicates stereotypes.

"All" "every" and "Never"

_______ (faulty assumptions) typically reveal the author's ignorance.

Stereotypes

The following statement is an example of what?

- "education is the key to success"

A bias

The following statement is an example of what?

-"educated people are snobby and arrogant"

Stereotype; it's stereotyping a group of people

How can you consider biases and stereotypes?

-Consider the authors point of view. If the author is presenting their argument from a PERSONAL perspective then they might be actually presenting something that is BIAS.

-If an author is presenting from a NEUTRAL perspective, they are LESS LIKELY to experience BIAS.

A ____ is statement that can be proven to be true. There is RELIABLE and CREDIBLE evidence that supports this.

Fact

An ____ is a statement that reflects the author's beliefs, values or feelings. It may MISLEAD or PERSUADE a reader.

Opinion

How can you identify the definition of a words from its context?

You define the words based on the WORDS AROUND IT and the way it is USED IN A SENTENCE.

What are the different type of context clues?

-Definition

-Restatement

-Contrast

-Inference

What type of content clue is this? _______ the author directly defines the word or phase

Definition

What type of content clue is this? ____ the author restates the word or phrase using a different language.

Restatement

What type of content clue is this? The author provides the opposite of the word or phrase.

Contrast

What type of content clue is this? The author provides information that can be predicted or inferred from the word or phrase?

Inference

This is an example of what type of context clue?

-Stereotypes are oversimplifications of groups of people or places that are based on preconceived notions

Definition

This is an example of what type of context clue?

-Herbivores, that is, plant eaters, are not at the top of the food chain.

Restatement

This is an example of what type of context clue?

-While Carlos is hardworking, his indolent sister spends more time watching television than working.

Contrast

This is an example of what type of context clue?

-Jennifer's belligerence surprised everyone. She threw her phone across the room and pushed through the door.

Inference

True or False: a writer's word choice is a signature of his or her style. Word choice can also contribute to the tone of a text.

True

True or false: the author's tone (the author's feelings towards the text) can affect the mood (the reader's feelings towards the text) of the text.

True

______ this is language that is not meant to be taken literally and it goes behind the literal meaning of a word or phrase.

Figurative language

What type of figurative language uses the words "like" or "as" to make a comparison?

Example: She's as busy as a bee.

Simile

What type of figurative language uses one thing to represent another?

-it compares two things without using the words "like" or "as".

Example: She's a fireball

Metaphor

What type of figurative language gives human characteristics to nonhuman objects?

Example: The wind was howling.

Personification

What type of figurative language uses exaggeration to make a point?

Example: I'm so hungry I can eat a horse.

Hyperbole

What type of figurative language describes animals or objects as if they were really people talking, thinking critically, etc. like humans? It's also a type of personification.

Anthropomorphism

True or False: the author's purpose is WHY the author wrote the text.

True; the purpose is the reason why the author is writing the text.

-The purpose is to inform, entertain, describe, persuade, or explain.

-To determine the author's purpose you need to look at the text as a whole and determine the following: overall tone, word choice, topic of the text, the audience, figurative language, and the organization.

What type of writing is to inform, educate, and enlighten the reader about a topic?

-Look for facts and details and the author should remain UNBIASED by presenting both sides of an argument.

-almost always nonfiction and rarely structured as a story

Informative writing

What type of writing is to convince the reader to do something or to believe something by using logical reasoning, emotional appeal, utilizing facts and statistics, testimonials, and expert opinion?

-The author should be BIASED and present only ONE side of the argument.

-Opinion is presented as fact, emotional language is used, and unfair explanation of opposing positions are given

Persuasive writing

What type of writing is to entertain the reader by using humor, irony and sarcasm?

-The author may include a variety of literary devices such as plot, setting, characterization, conflict and themes.

-May be fiction or nonfiction

-Uses colorful language

Entertaining writing

What type of writing describes a person, place, thing, or event and uses sensory (touch, see, hear, smell, taste) details?

-describes a mental image

Descriptive writing

What type of writing explains a concept, steps in a process, or idea and uses definitions and examples.

-More concerned with CLARITY and COMPREHENSIBILITY

Expository writing

The _____ meaning of word is the literal meaning.

Denotative

The _____ meaning goes beyond the literal meaning to include EMOTIONAL REACTION that a word may evoke.

Connotative

______ evokes imagery in the reader's mind is one type of figurative language.

Descriptive language

Define narrative

A passage/story that can be fiction or nonfiction. It must have a plot (series of events), characters (people, animals, inanimate objects), and figurative language.

A ______ passage is written to DESCRIBE a complex object or process. It's common,y seen in medical an technological fields (complex math, science, and engineering) that need to be explained SIMPLY and CLEARLY

Technical