Microbiology

Tinea barbae location

beard and neck

Tinea capitis location

scalp

Tinea corporis location

body

Tinea cruris location

Groin

tinea pedis

foot

Tinea Unguium

Nail

what is the number 1 cause of diarrhea in children?

Adenovirus

Rhinovirus

Coronavirus

Rotavirus

Rotavirus

Asthma is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Type 1 - Anaphylactic (Immediate)

Hay fever is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Type 1 - Anaphylactic (Immediate)

Charcot leyden crystals are found with what condition?

Asthma

Good Pasteur's is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Type 2 - Cytotoxic

Erythroblastosis fetalis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Type 2 - Cytotoxic

Myasthenia gravis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Type 2 - Cytotoxic

Glomerulonephritis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Type 3 - Immune-complex mediated

SLE is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Type 3 - Immune-complex mediated

Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Type 3 - Immune-complex mediated

TB is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Type 4 - delayed hyper Sensitivity aka T cell-mediated

Transplant rejection is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Type 4 - delayed hyper sensitivity aka T cell mediated

The flue is an example of which immunological term?

Antitoxin

Endotoxin

Enterotoxin

Exotoxin

endotoxin

A virus invading a bacterium is known as a:

Phage

Which hypersensitivity contains mast cells and basophils?

Type 1

Which antibody is in breastmilk?

IgA

Which antibody crossed the placenta?

IgG

Which antibody increases with the SECOND exposure?

IgG

First antibody to increase with the first exposure?

IgM

What Cells release interleukin 2?

CD4 cells = T helper cells

For cells to recognize something it has to be tagged with what?

MHC

Injection of the tetanus toxoid is what kind of immunity?

Artificial Active

Injection of the tetanus antitoxin is what kind of immunity?

Artificial passive

What kind of Agar is used for Gonorrhea?

Chocolate Agar

What is the purpose of Dick Test?

Scarlet fever

What is Sabouraud Agar used for?

Testing for fungi

What condition do you see Gohn complex in the lungs?

Tuberculosis

What disease do you see Downey cells in?

Mononucleosis

What type of inclusion bodies are seen with Rheumatic fever?

Aschoff bodies

Where are Aschoff bodies found?

Mitral valve / Left atrium of heart

What disease is associated with Guarneri bodies?

Smallpox (Variola)

Gummatous bodies are associated with?

Tertiary Syphilis

With what disease do you see Koplik spots?

Measles - Rubeola/Red measles

Inclusion bodies for Parkinson's

Lewy bodies - Lewy went to the Park

What type of inclusion bodies are associated with alcoholics?

Mallory bodies

Russell bodies are seen with what condition?

Multiple Myeloma

Small number of cases in specific location. Present all the time

Endemic

new disease or rapid increase of a disease in incidence or in geographic range

Emerging

Rapidly affects many persons in a certain area within a few days or weeks

epidemic

study of the cause of disease

etiology

government agency for statistics

CDC

government agency for soil, air, water

EPA

Government agency for health products/food/drugs/farmers

FDA

government agency focused on Research

NIH - National institute of health

responsible for milk and milk products

USDA (US Dept. of Agriculture)

cows = FDA because they are food

Dairy cows = USDA because milk

eats dead/decaying material

saprophyte

eats inorganic material

autotroph

eats organic material

heterotroph

eats off living organisms

parasites

2 populations living together where one benefits and the other is unaffected

Commensalism

2 populations living together where they both benefit AND both accomplish what neither can do along

Synergism

2 populations living together where both benefit

Mutualism

2 populations living together where one or both benefit

Symbiosis

BLCCSS - Gram + organisms

Bacillus

Listeria

Clostridium

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

Diseases caused by Staph Aureus

STOIC

scaled skin syndrome

toxic shock

Osteomyelitis

Impetigo

Carbuncles

Diseases caused by Strep pyogenes

SERGIS

Strep throat --> carditis

Erysipelas

Rheumatic fever

Glomerulonephritis

Impetigo

Scarlet fever - strawberry tongue

Hypertension, generalized edema, massive proteinurea

NephrOtic syndrome

What uses scolex to attach to intestines?

Cestodes

source of taenia saginata

uncooked beef

source of Taenia solium

uncooked pork

Diphyllobothrium latum source

Fish

Eating contaminated sushi can cause what type of anemia?

Megaloblastic anemia from Diphyllobothrium latum

What is the vector for Schistosoma japonicum

Snail - penetrated unbroken skin

What round worm is spread through contaminated soil?

Necator americanus

MC hookworm in USA

"American women don't wear shoes"

What is the part of virus that connects to tissue?

Capsomere

How is Hepatitis A transmitted?

Fecal-oral route - usually through contaminated food.

How is Hepatitis B transmitted?

Sexual and IV drug use

Which hepatitis is transmitted through tattoos or blood transfusions?

Hepatitis C

Which type of hepatitis is a Co-infection with Hep B?

Hepatitis D

Which form of hepatitis is DNA based?

Hepatitis B

Which type of hepatitis can lead to liver cancer?

Hepatitis C = 1st choice

Hepatitis B = 2nd choice

Hepatitis D = 3rd choice

What do Hep A and Hep E have in common?

Fecal-oral transmission

NOT carrier for life

Definition: single stranded RNA that infects plants and is smaller than a virus

Viroid

How are viruses most commonly transmitted or acquired?

Respiratory system

How is polio transmitted?

Oral-fecal

What type of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is seen "above the belt"?

HSV Type 1

cold sores

CAN BE FATAL TO BABIES

dormant in Trigeminal nerve - Gasserion ganglion

What disease presents in adults under high stress conditions along a dermatome line?

Shingles - Herpes zoster

What strains of HPV correlate to cervical cancer?

16 and 18

What virus can cause limb malformation in 1st trimester babies?

Togaviridae aka Rubella

Patient presents with red spots in the mouth, cough, runny nose and conjunctivitis. What is the cause?

Rubeola

Child is dealing with diarrhea containing blood and mucus after attending daycare. What is the cause?

Coxsachie virus

What part of the spinal cord does Polio affect?

anterior horn of the spinal cord

Does polio cause LMNL or UMNL signs?

LMNL

With an antigenic shift of the influenza virus, what will happen to WBCs?

Increased levels of lymphocytes

Yellow fever, Zika and Chikungunya are all spread by what vector?

Aedes agypti mosquito

What cells are affected by the Retro virus HIV?

CD4 cells

What is the #1 cause of death in AIDS patients?

Pneumocystis carinii --> Pneumonia

#1 death by cancer in AIDS

Kaposi sarcoma

(They also get Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma)

Gram negative coffee bean shaped bacteria

Gonorrhea

Which bacteria is in a grape-like cluster?

Staph

Hunter disease

Tularemia

"Pseudo-plague"

"The French Rabbits smell tulips"

Food poisoning from creams and custards?

Staphylococcus aureus

MC reason for infant death?

Birth defects

Premature birth

How is aspergillosus transmitted?

nuts and grains