Overview of Brain Structure and Functions

Blood-brain barrier

Prevents pathogens from entering the brain.

Endothelial cells

Form tight junctions in blood vessels.

Omega 3

Essential for brain development.

Brain stem

Connects spinal cord to brain; controls basic functions.

Medulla oblongata

Regulates involuntary behaviors like breathing.

Pons

Connects cerebellum to other brain parts.

Cerebellum

Coordinates voluntary movement and balance.

Cerebrum

Largest brain part; responsible for higher functions.

Cerebral cortex

Outer grey matter of the cerebrum.

Hemispheres

Left and right sides of the cerebrum.

Corpus callosum

Connects left and right hemispheres.

Decussate

Motor and sensory pathways cross sides.

Thalamus

Directs signals to appropriate brain regions.

Hypothalamus

Regulates homeostasis and endocrine functions.

PNS

Peripheral Nervous System; connects to CNS.

Afferent system

Transmits sensory signals to the CNS.

Ganglion

Nerve bundle in the peripheral nervous system.

Dorsal root

Relays sensory signals to the CNS.

Ventral root

Transmits signals from CNS to muscles.

Proprioception

Awareness of body position and movement.