VOLCANOES

volcano

elevated landform with an opening at the top (crater), from where lava and other rock fragments, steam, gases, ash, heat, and other volcanic materials are ejected

magma chamber

storage of magma

flank

side of volcano

crater

bowl shaped depression on top of the volcano where vent is located

vent

opening on top of the volcano

conduit

passageay off magma

fissure

crack here lava erupts

sill

horizontal crck ith cooled magma

stratovolcano or composite

•steep upper slopes and relaxed lower slopes

•most dangerous

•examples: Mayon, Pinatubo, Kilimanjaro, Mauna Loa, Vesuvius, and Fujiyama

shield

•low and broad

•lava just flows and runs down the side of crater

•examples: Kilauea and Mauna Kea

cinder cone or scoria cone

•eruptions are short-lived and appear like a wild fountain

•examples: Mojave, Cerro Negro, Mount Fox

caldera complex

depression formed at the summit of sheiuld volcanoes

lava dome

mounds of laval formed after a volcanic eruption

submarine volcanoes

located on the ocean floor

glacial volcanoes

overlain by glaciers

active

has erupted in the last 10,000 years

inactive or dormant

no activity during the last 10,000 years

extinct

no ritten record of activity considerred unlikely to erupt again

blasts

a hazard - hot bursts of trapped gases

dome growth

cryptodome and exodome

gases

H₂O, H₂S, SO₂, HCl, HF, H₂, CO₂, N₂, CH₄, Ar, and He

lahar

mudflow or flow of volcanic eruption

lava flow

movement of molten rocks down a slope

pyroclastic flow

glowing hot materials that move down the slope

pyroclastic surges

gases, ash, rock fragments, and H₂O extruded above the ground

tephra falls

comination of pumice,scoria, thick rock fdragments, and crystals

volcanic eruption

collision between tectonic plates trigger a bbuilt up of temperature that creates magma

build up of magma and dissolved gases contributes to an explosive eruption of lava, ash, asnd rocks

hawaiian

least violent eruption fluid lava and fire ejected creates sheild volcanoes

strombolian

continuous ejection of magma and gas. creates volcanic bombs and cinder cones

vulcanian

violent type of eruption of viscous lava and colums of dust , ash, and gas

plinian

most ecplosive accompanied by fast flowing pyroclastic debris and lahars

energy from volcanoes

geothermal energyt oiwer turbines and ghenerate electricity