creator of "g-factor", or general intelligence, concept
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Howard Gardner
Views that intelligence has multiple abilities that come in packages
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Robert Sternberg
agreed with Gardner on the idea of multiple intelligences, but proposed the triarchic theory which distinguishes three, not eight, intelligences; analytical, creative, and practical intelligence
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Francis Galton
interested in link between heredity and intelligence; founder of the eugenics movement such as nature vs nurture
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Alfred Binet
1857-1911; Field: testing; Contributions: general IQ tests, designed test to identify slow learners in need of remediation-not applicable in the U.S. because too culture-bound (French)
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Lewis Terman
professor at Stanford who revised the Binet test for Americans. The test then became the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test. He is also known for his longitudinal research on gifted kids.
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David Wechsler
developer of WAIS and WISC intelligence tests, for school aged children
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Carol Dweck
reports that believing intelligence is biologically set and unchanging can lead to a "fixed mindset"
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Intelligence
mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
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Intelligence Test
a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
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General Intelligence
a general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
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Factor Analysis
a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score.
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Savant Syndrome
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
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Grit
in psychology, grit is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
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Emotional Intelligence
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
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Mental Age
a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance
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Stanford-Binet
the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test.
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IQ
defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100
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Achievement Test
A test designed to assess what a person has learned
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Aptitude Test
a test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
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Wechesler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
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Standardization
defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
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Normal Curve
the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes.
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Realiability
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
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Validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
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Content Validity
the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
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Predictive Validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior.
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Cohort
a group of people from a given time period
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crystallized intelligence
accumulated knowledge and verbal skills that comes with increased age
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Fluid Intelligence
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
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intellectual disability
a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound
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Down Syndrome
Severe Intellectual disability caused, caused by an extra chromosome
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Herability
the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes
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Stereotype Threat
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
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L.L. Thurstone
psychologist; proposed that intelligence consisted of 7 different primary mental abilities
Studied by 1 person
