Periodic Table, Ionic Bonds, and Atomic Structure: Key Concepts for Chemistry

The middle of the periodic table

Where are transition metals found?

cations

Transitions metals form multiple _______

Transitional metals

What group uses roman numerals?

charge

Roman numerals represent ________

1

I

2

II

3

III

4

IV

5

V

6

VI

7

VII

8

VIII

Ionic bond

Electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another, forming a cation and an anion

attract

Opposite charges ______

Ionic bonds

Often known as salts

Ionic bond

A bond with a VERY strong interaction, solid at room temperature

Subscript

A number written slightly below and to the right of a chemical symbol that shows how many atoms of an element are in a compound.

Ionic compound

composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal

Ionic compounds

A neutral compound formed when ions combine

Ionic formula

lowest whole number ratio of ions that gives a neutral compound (subscripts)

make a neutral compound (charge 0)

Ionic formulas are used to

Cation

What goes first when writing ionic formulas?

False

True or false: Ionic compounds are not soluble and do not dissociate in water

subscripts, superscripts

Elements have __________, and ions have ___________

Elements have equal protons & electrons, an ion is charged

What's the difference between an element and ion?

Atomic #

How do you find protons?

protons/atomic # - charge

How do you find electrons?

atomic mass - atomic number

How do you find neutrons?

Below the element

Where is the atomic mass on a periodic table?

Above the element

Where is the atomic number on a periodic table?

ion forms

What happens if you change the number of electrons?

Ion

A charged element or molecule

negative charge

Adding electrons =

positive charge

Subtracting electrons =

# protons - # electrons

Charge =

Cations

Positively charged ions

Anions

Negatively charged ions

Cation

Ion loses electrons, forms a

Anion

Ion gains electrons, forms a

Cations

Groups 1, 2, 3-13

Anions

Groups 15, 16, 17

Positive

What is the charge of transition metals?

1st digit of family

How do you find cation charge?

Family # - 18

How do you find anion charge?

Element name

How do you name cations?

Add -ide to the end

How do you name anions?

Colloid

components evenly distributed, but contains very large particles that do not dissolve. Particles DO NOT settle

Colloid

Not clear

Milk, mayonnaise

Examples of colloids

Protons + Neutrons

How do you calculate the mass #?

Suspension

Components NOT evenly distributed

Suspensions

Individual particles are visible and WILL settle

Blood, liquid meds

Examples of suspensions

fall, bottom

In suspensions particles will ____ to the ________

Soda, juice, soap

Examples of solutions

Solution

Components are EVENLY distributed and dissolved (soluble) throughout the mixture.

Solutions

Clear components

solutions

Contains at least two molecules: Solutes + solvent

Solvent

Component present in the GREATEST amounts

Water

Example of solvent

Solute

Component present in amounts LESS than solvent (Can be 1+ solute)

Sodium, chlorine, citrate, sugar

Examples of solutes

45nL helium gas

Which one of these represents a volume:

200g of sodium chloride

5% of dextrose

1.5g/mL water

45nL helium gas

Liters (L)

What's the base unit of volume?

0.9g NaCl/100 mL solution

What does 0.9% (m/v) NaCl mean?

mass of solute/volume of solution

m/V

mass of solute/mass of solution x 100

m/m (for percent)

volume of solute/volume of solution x 100

v/v (for percent)

Conversion factor

2 units =

Measurement

1 unit =

Make solution

Weigh a solid and dissolve in a liquid

Dilutions

Dilution

Taking a concentrated solution and adding water to make a diluted solution

Solute/Total solution x 100

Formula for %

concentrations

All ____________ are conversion factors

Measurement

Can be volume or mass

I would weigh ______g of ________, dissolve in some water, and bring total volume to _______

How would you make sentence

Dilution

Making a less concentrated solution from a higher concentration

C1 x V1 = C2 x V2

Dilution equation

Dilution equation

C1 x V1 = C2 x V2

% composition, ppm/ppb, molarity

What are the three ways to measure concentration?

Parts per million

PPM

Parts per billion

PPB

ppm

mg solute/L solution

ppb

μg solute/L solution

liquid

ppb/ppm is for _____ solutions

Molarity

Moles per liter

Formula for molarity

Mol component (solute)/L solution

M

What's the abbreviation for molarity?

mole

The ____ is a number

Avogadro's number

6.02 x 10^23 atoms in 1 mole

mol

Abbreviation for mole

moles

Reactions happen based on _____, not weight

Molar mass

The mass of 1 mole

atomic number

Molar mass is NOT the _________ _________

Molar mass abbreviation

Grams per mole (g/mol)

True

True or false: Molar mass is a conversion factor

mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)

Formula for moles

Formula for moles

mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)

Formula for grams

moles (mol) x molar mass (g/mol)

moles (mol) x molar mass (g/mol)

Formula for grams