APUSH Period 1

Where did the first humans evolve?

Africa

How did they reach the Americas?

Bering Straight

What staple crop helped agriculture flourish around central America, leading to urbanization of Native American communities?

Maize

Where did Pueblo dwellers live?

Caves/canyon systems

Who were the first Europeans in the Americas?

The Vikings

Who “discovered” America and when?

Columbus, 1492

How many voyages did Columbus make?

4

Where was Columbus from and who did he sail for?

He was from Italy and sailed for Spain

What were Spanish goals for colonization?

God, Gold, and Glory

What was the Columbian exchange?

Exchange of food, plants, animals, ideas, and sicknesses between Europe and New World

What reached the New World from Europe?

rice, coffee, bananas

What reached Europe from the New World?

rattlesnakes, peanuts, avocados

What illness did Europeans take with them to the New World and how devasting was it?

Europeans brought smallpox to the Americas, killing off 80-90% of the population

What illness did the New World bring to the Europeans?

Syphilis

How many years before (most) of the rest of Europe did the Spanish arrive?

about 100

Why were the Spanish able to colonize so much?

The Spanish Armada gave them naval superiority

How did the Spanish explore the new world?

Spanish Explorers mostly settled in Central America, the American Southwest, and the west coast of South America. They subjugated the natives using an encomienda system

What is the encomienda system?

System of forced slavery/feudal system that exploited Native Americans and forced them to pay tributes to Spanish colonizers

Who was Juan De Onate?

Encomendero - leader of an encomienda system - in the 1580s who forced Native Americans to pay tribute to him, including producing food, raping women, and forcing conversions.

What was Pope’s rebellion?

In the 1680s, a tribe chief named Pope united several tribes to push back against brutal Spanish colonization and reclaimed their own territory from the Spanish for about 12 years

When did the French begin colonization?

A few French explorers explored the New World in the 15 and 16 hundreds

Who was La Salle

French explorer who was the first to explore entire length of the Mississippi river

Where did the French settle?

between Mississippi River and Appalachian Mountains

How far South did the French explore?

French explorers arrived in Newfoundland, and from there reached the Great Lakes, and from there reached the Mississippi river, which lead to the Gulf of Mexico