NUR155 EXAM 2 galen With 100% correct answers 2025-2026 already graded A+

Glucose(Glu)

70-100mg/dl

Sodium (Na)

135-145 mEq/L

Potassium(K)

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Creatinine

males 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL; female 0.5-1.1

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

10-20 mg/dL

Calcium(Ca)

9.0-10.5

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

30-120

Albumin

3.5-5

Magnesium(Mg)

1.5-2.5

specific gravity

1.005-1.030l

low albumin

Prolonged malnutrition

Low Pre-albumin

Change in nutritional status (acute)

Low Transferrin

Decreased protein levels

Underweight BMI

<18.5

Regular BMI

18.5-24-9

Overweight BMI

25-29.9

Obese BMI

30-39.9

Exterme obese BMI

40.0

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

chin tuck method

used for those with dysphagia to reduce aspiration into lungs of food

water soluble vitamins

B and C, need daily, body can not store/manufacture

fat soulable vitamins

A, D, E, K body can store

Microminerals(less needed)

iron, zinc, manganese, and iodine

(need more) Macrominerals include:

Calcium, chlorine, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium

Anabolism

Constructive metabolism

Catabolism

destructive metabolism

Needed for the body to heal

Proteins

medical diagnosis

Clinical judgment by the physician that identifies or determines a specific disease, condition, or pathological state

Nursing Diagnosis

How a client responds to heath problems or conditionsl

Assessment

Collect data, organize, validate, document

diagnosis

Analyze, identify health issues, formulate plan

Implementation

Evaluation

Compare goals/outcomes, draws conclusions, modify, continue or end

primary communication

Patient, YOUR nursing assessment

Secondly communication

Family, nurse giving the report to you.

Clear liquid diet

Coffee, tea, carb beverage, bullion, hard candy, ice, popsicle, gelatin

full liquid diet

All clear liquid plus milk, pudding, custard, ice cream, veggie juice, cream, butter smooth peanut butter, yogurt

soft diet

Contains clear & full liquid diet. Meat(lean) chopped shredded, eggs, mashed potatoes, veggies in cream sauce. Soft fruit, breads, cake

Four levels of liquid foods

thin, nectar-like, honey-like, spoon-thick

Refeeding syndrome

electrolyte depletion, arrythmias, heart failure(feed slow) prolonged starvation.

TPN administration is interupped

Administer 5-10% dextrose to prevent hyperglycemia

bolus feeding

Doctors order prn. Bed must be 30 DEGREE

continuous feeding

instillation of liquid nutrition without interruption

Aspirated formula

Return to stomach to prevent electrolyte imbalance

intracellular fluid

fluid within cells

interstitial fluid

fluid between cells

intravascular fluid

fluid within blood vessels

Cations

positively charged ions

Anions

negatively charged ions

Hypervolemia

increased blood volume

Hypervolemia expected findings

Elevated pulse, Temp, BP,edema, ascites, crackles, confusion.

hypervolemia interventions

"RESTRICT"

Reduce IV flow rate

Evaluate breath sounds and ABGs

Semi-Fowler's position

Treat with O2 and ordered Diuretics

Reduce fluid and Na intake

I & Os (monitor; check daily WEIGHT*MOST IMPORTANT

Circulation/Color (monitor Edema)

Turn, cough, and re-position Q2 hours

Hypovolemia

decreased blood volume

Hypovolemia GI symptoms

Vomit, diarrhea

Hypovolemia symptom

Hemmorhage

Third spacing (hypovolemia)

Fluid going into another compartment (burns)

Hypovolemia labs

Elevated hematocrit, bun 20+,specfic gravity 1.030+, serum sodium 145+

Hypovolemia S/S

Lowered weight, dry mucous membrane, low BP, low urine output,WEAK PULSE.

Hypovolemia interventions

"FLUIDS" (& monitor VS)

Fluid replacement

Level of consciousness (assess and report)

Urine output (report if ↓30 cc/hr)

I & Os (monitor)

Daily weights (best measure of fluid status)

Slow position change (supine with legs ↑)

isotonic solution

0.9% sodium chloride NORMAL SALINE

hypertonic solution

3% sodium chloride,

hypertonic solution

0.45% sodium chloride dextrose 5%, DSW

volume deficit

Hypervolemia, third space, dehydration

volume excess

Hypervolemia, edema, overhydration

HypoNAtremia

Low salt, confusion, can teat with normal saline

HyperNAtremia

High salt level, disoriented, water needed, no salt

HypoKalemia

low potassium, muscle weakness, can lead to cardiac issues

HyperKalemia

high potassium, low HR, diarrhea, muscle weakness

HypoCAlcemia

low calcium, numbness around mouth, thyroid issues.

HyperCAcemia

High calcium, urinary calculi, constipation, flank pain. Everything is blocked

HypoMAGnesemia

low magnesium, check if they can swallow.

HyperMAGnesemia

high magnesium, monitor patellar reflex, no MOM