Post-Confederation Canada (A)

WCTU

The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was an organization founded in 1874 advocating for temperance, women's rights, and social reform in Canada and the United States.

Red River Uprising

A resistance movement led by Louis Riel in 1869-1870 against the Canadian government's acquisition of the Red River Settlement, aiming to protect the rights of the Métis people.

The National Policy

A series of economic policies implemented in Canada in the late 19th century aimed at promoting Canadian industries through high tariffs, encouraging immigration, and constructing the transcontinental railway.

Union Nationale

A political party in Quebec founded in 1935 that promoted nationalism and conservatism, primarily advocating for Quebec's interests and led by Maurice Duplessis.

Dominion Lands Act

Legislation passed in 1872 that aimed to promote settlement and agricultural development in the Canadian Prairies by providing land to settlers at minimal cost.

Distance of Early Warning Line

A defense strategy established in the 1950s to provide early detection of potential air attacks on North America by implementing a system of radar and air defense.

Suez Canal Crisis

A diplomatic and military confrontation in 1956 involving Egypt, Israel, Britain, and France over control of the Suez Canal, resulting in increased Cold War tensions and the assertion of U.S. influence in the region.

Vimy Ridge

A significant battle during World War I in 1917 where Canadian forces achieved a notable victory, symbolizing national unity and pride for Canada.

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance established in 1949 for mutual defense against aggression and to promote stability in Europe.

B & B Commission

An inquiry established in 1970 to investigate the issues related to bilingualism and biculturalism in Canada, aiming to promote equality of French and English in federal institutions.

Permanent Joint Board of Defense

A bilateral organization created in 1940 between Canada and the United States to coordinate defense strategy and military collaboration during World War II and beyond.

Conscription

A policy for mandatory military service enacted during times of war in Canada, particularly during World War I and World War II, raising significant political and social controversy.

CFF

The Canadian Forces, specifically the Regular Force, Reserve Force, and Canadian Rangers, responsible for defense and military operations.

NAFTA

The North American Free Trade Agreement, a trade deal enacted in 1994 between Canada, the United States, and Mexico to eliminate trade barriers and promote economic cooperation.

Meech Lake Accord

A constitutional agreement reached in 1987 intended to gain Quebec's endorsement of the Constitution Act, 1982, but ultimately did not achieve ratification.

Person’s Case, 1929

A landmark legal case in Canada where the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council ruled that women were "persons" under the law, allowing them to be appointed to the Senate.

FLQ Crisis

A series of politically motivated kidnappings and murders that took place in Quebec in 1970, leading to the invocation of the War Measures Act by the federal government.

Northwest Uprising

A rebellion in 1885 led by Métis and Indigenous leaders against the Canadian government, seeking recognition of their rights and land claims.

On-To-Ottawa Trek

A protest movement in 1935 where unemployed workers traveled by train from British Columbia to Ottawa, demanding better living conditions and jobs during the Great Depression.

IRSSA

The Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement, which was established in 2007 to compensate former students of Indian Residential Schools in Canada for abuses suffered during their time in the institutions.

Bill of Rights

A document that guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms for Canadian citizens, enacted in 1960.

Clifford Sifton

A Canadian politician and Minister of the Interior known for his role in expanding Western Canada and promoting immigration during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.