Biology Evolution Test

whyyyyyyy

Description of variation

some bacteria have a higher resisitance to antibioties than others due to mutations

Description of inheritance

the gene for resistance to antibiodies can be passed down to the next generation through reproduction

Description of adaptaion

the bacteria who have the resistance have adapted to the environment and the population will eventually become resistant

what is a vestigial structure

a structure that no longer has use to the species but is found in a common ancestor (wisdom teeth, appendix)

what is a homologous sturcture

two organisms that have the same structure but different functions for it (horse leg, bat wing)

what is a analogous structure

two organisms with the same function but different structure (wings of a bird vs. the wings of an insect)

what is stabilizing selection

the average is favored, reducing variation of that trait

what is disruptive selection

could lead to two seperate species (specieation) because both extremes are favored

what is directional selection

change in a species toward a favored trait

what are the five conditions a population must meet in order to be in Hardy Weinberg Equalibrium

1. large population

2. random mating

3. no mutations

4. no gene flow (migration)

5. no natural selection

what is comparative anatomy

organisms that share similar structures that have different functions, or remnants of structures/organs that had a function in the past.

what is molecular biology

the more closely related two organisms are, the more similar their DNA or amino acid sequence

what is temporal isolation

two species cannot mate because they mate at different times of the year.

what is behavoral isolation

two species cannot mate because they have different mating rituals

mechanical isolation

two species cannot mate because body parts make it impossible to mate

gamete isolation

sperm is unable to fertilize the egg

what is zygote mortality

the zygote dies in the womb (misscarage)

Hybrid sterility

Hybrids of species cannot have offsprings themselves because they cannot perform meiosis (mules, ligers)

F2 Fittness

the next generation of the hybrid cannot live

what is genetic drift

random evolution that effects smaller populations the most