Unit 3 vocab - absolutism

english civil war

result of stuart monarchy efforts to make england an absolute monarchy

absolute monarchy

government in which the king or queen rules with absolute or unlimited power

James 1

scottish and clashed with parliament

Charles 1

divine right of kings, rejected parliaments demands and started civil war

parliamentarians

wanted change in absolute governing system

royalists

supported the monarchy

Restoration

parliament restored the monarchy after cromwells dictatorship

oliver cromwell

won civil war for roundheads but ended up ruling as a military dictator

william of orange

protestant asked to get James 2 off throne 

James 2

ignored will of parliament and growing absolutist policies led to revolt against 

long parliament

Charles 1 fought with, starting civil war

rump parliament

carried out cromwells wishes

english bill of rights

limited monarchs power while extending some of parliaments

constitutional monarchy

forced monarch to share power with parliament

crop rotation

improved amount of food farmers could produce

seed drill

faster planting process

agricultural advancements influenced by

farmers met challenges of providing food for domestic consumption and for export to other nations

enclosure movement 

contributed to the growing population of landless peasants

yeoman farmers implemented caused

more efficient and profitable farms

internal tariffs

taxes on items sold within the country

customs barriers

measures designed to protect trade

cottage industry

expanded as increasing numbers of laborers in homes produced for markets

self sustaining growth 

economic cycle in which a nation produces goods that then drive more economic activity 

steam engines

powered machinery for faster production 

le chapelier law 

banned workers associations and established free enterprises as norm in france 

britians industrial economy 

more buisness-minded than france or germany and industrialized faster 

bank of england benefited navy by

serving as a financial resource and aiding their overseas empire

bank of england became a

limited liability cooperation

commercial revolution

period of expansion of commerce and trade

mercantalism

limited imports with tariffs and maximized exports by forcing its colonies to trade only with their mother country

navigation acts

protected the monopoly to sell british goods within the empire

urbanization meant what for farmers

had to become more efficient and sparked agricultural revolution

eight years war

dutch battled for independence from spain 

union of utrecht 

political alliance between nothern provinces used to establish dutch republic

balance of power

idea that no one empire would rule one continent

peace of westphalia

brought end of wars of religion in europe

dutch revolt

result of netherlands growing competition with spain

dutch religion

religiously tolerant and allowed for a flow of intellect from all walks of life

catalan revolt

spains failure to centralize power against frances growing military

fronde

reaction to policies intended to weaken the influence of the nobles and reduce power of parliament by the crown

battle of vienna

beginning of the end of ottoman domination in eastern europe

nine years war

grand alliance pitted against france to stop them from expansion

war of spanish sucession

fought to stop Louis XIV from getting his grandson of the throne of spain and uniting france and spain 

peace of utrecht 

altered the balance of power established by the peace of westphalia 

fredrick william 1

expanded prussias territories by creating a powerful army

fredrick the great

turned prussia into a prosperous and leading military power

maria theresa

female hapsburg who expanded empire but didnt gain peoples respect bc she was a woman 

liberum veto

one negative vote could block proceedings and greatly weakened empire

polish parition 

split poland into 3 to avoid war in russia, austria, and prussia

Jean-baptiste colbert

insututed mercantalist policies to decrease frances debt

peter the great

modernnized/westernized russia, absolutist

great northern war

took baltic sea from sweeden to russia could have a window into western european trade

catherine the great

carried on peters work