Artic Ch. 10 Summary

SLIDE NINE START

SLIDE NINE START

Do clinicians work with multiple sounds or sound classes rather than only individual speech sounds in therapy?

Yes, but not always

T/F Phoneme based remediation focuses on more than one sound or perhaps on an entire class of sounds at the same time

True

T/F Speech sounds are targeted simultaneously in the cycles training approach.

True

T/F Sounds can be used to demonstrate phonemic oppositions as in minimal contrast therapy.

True

Important differences exist between the traditional motor approach and phonemic based remediation methods

• Phonemic based remediation methods target phonemic function, the contrastive use of phonemes to establish meaning differences

• In therapy, separating these 2 different approaches entirely is often impossible

The term _________________ refers to the therapeutic use of pairs of words that differ by only one phoneme

minimal pair contrast therapy

These minimal pairs are used to establish contrasts not present in the child’s phonologic system (pick words where they have errors - w for r choose wag and rag; not lag and rag)

What is minimal opposition contrast therapy?

A method in which minimal pairs are employed as the beginning unit of therapy

How do you pick sounds for minimal opposition contrast therapy?

The sounds chosen differ in only one or two of these production features (place, manner, voice)

The minimal opposition contrast procedure targets the substitution of one ______ for another

phoneme

Is minimal opposition contrast therapy effective for sound distortions and assimilations?

No, sound distortions and assimilations cannot be adequately addressed using phonemic contrasts

How to Select Target Sounds for Minimal Opposition Contrast Therapy

1. Phonemic substitutions form the basis for target selection. The norm production and the substitution(s) should first be seen as possibilities for minimal pairs (identify errors)

2. The place-manner-voicing features for both the target sound and the substitutions should be considered and the differences counted

3. The sound substitutions chosen should reflect the least number of differences in production features

4. A child’s age and developmental level of the child’s phonemic system should be evaluated. Earlier sounds have priority.

5. Sound substitutions that affect a child’s intelligibility the most should have priority over those with little negative effect on intelligibility

6. Stimulable sound have priority over those that are not stimulable

How is minimal opposition contrast therapy used?

The 2 target sounds selected are placed in minimal pair words with the chosen sounds at the beginning (ex. think, sink; thing, sing; thick, sick)

T/F Minimal pairs can only change by one and have meaning, there is no other type of minimal pair.

False, near-minimal pairs (ex. sir, third; thorn, sore)

______ are pairs of words that differ by more than one phoneme; however, the vowel preceding or following the target sound remains constant in both words

Near-minimal pairs

Choosing minimal pairs follows these steps:

Step 1: Discussion of Words

Step 2: Discrimination testing and training

Step 3: Production Training

Step 4: Carryover Training

The therapist must be certain that the child knows the concepts portrayed • The child can be asked to point to the picture named, and the clinician could ask questions about it

If the response is correct 7 consecutive times, the therapist can be reasonably certain that the client is differentiating between the 2 sounds • If the criterion cannot be reached, poor auditory discrimination or memory skills may be the cause. These skills need to be addressed before continuing the program