Electrocardiogram Lab Quiz

P wave, atrial depolarization

What wave is this and what occurs during it?

QRS complex, ventricular depolarization (atrial repolarization)

What wave is this and what occurs during it?

T wave, ventricular repolarization

What wave is this and what occurs during it?

Heart block

What does a longer P-Q interval suggest?

Enlarged ventricle

What does a longer QRS interval suggest?

60-100

What is a normal heart rate

tachycardia

What is a heart rate over 100bpm called?

bradycardia

What is a heart rate under 60bpm called?

exercise causes hypertrophy causing heart to contract slower

Why do athletes commonly have bradycardia?

lead

What is a measurement of the electrical difference between two points on the body?

heart abnormalities

What does the 12 point lead help diagnose?

arms

Lead 1 measure electrical differences between what two body parts?

right arm and left leg

Lead 2 measures electrical differences between what two body parts?

left arm and leg

Lead 3 measures electrical differences between what two body parts?

increases heart rate

How does increasing sympathetic info affect the heart?

decreases heart rate

How does increasing parasympathetic info affect the heart?

increases impulse conduction

How does increasing sympathetic HOROMONES affect the heart?

adrenal glands

Where are sympathetic hormones released?

shorter

How is the cardiac output affected after exercise compared to normal?

QRS axis

What is the average direction impulses move through the ventricles called?

lead with the tallest R wave

How do you determine which lead to use for the direction of the heart?

strength of impulse as it travels vertically

What does the lead aVF measure?

-30

What angle does lead aVL mean?

0

What angle does lead 1 mean?

60

What angle does lead 2 mean?

90

What angle does lead aVF mean?

120

What angle does lead 3 mean?

-150

What angle does lead aVR mean?

halfway between

How do you determine the position angle if two leads have equal magnitude?

hearts anatomical axis

What is the QRS axis of healthy individuals?

changes in breathing

What can change the position of the heart?

different than actual position

How is the QRS axis affected if there's a heart abnormality?

no

Can ECG alone determine the actual position of the heart?

sinus rhythem

What is the ECG tracing of a normal heartbeat called?

arrhythmias

What is the ECG tracing of an abnormal heartbeat called?

no

Does everyone die from arrhythmias?

yes

can arrhythmias be symptomatic OR asymptomatic?

heart disease, alcohol, drugs, infection, present at birth

What are some causes of arrhythmias?

one or more chambers

Where are artificial pacemakers impulses administered to after arrhythmias?

near clavicle under fat

If artificial pacemakers are implanted after arrhythmias where are they placed?

autorhythmic areas

What are other areas of the heart that can initiate impulses other than the SA node?

Junctional Rhythm

What is the abnormality resulting from the AV node initiating impulses instead of SA node?

junctional rhythm

What heart abnormality is this?

fibrillation

What is the abnormality resulting in the uncoordinated contracting of heart muscles?

ventricular

What type of fibrillation is a medical emergency?

thrombus and embolus

untreated atrial fibrillation increases the risk of what?

atrial fibrillation

What heart abnormality is this?

tachycardia

What heart abnormality is this?

Bradycardia

What heart abnormality is this?

death

untreated ventricular fibrillation increases the risk of what?

anticoagulents

What is the treatment for atrial fibrillation?

defibrillation asap

What is the treatment for ventricular fibrillation?

shocks heart to stop impulses

What is the function of defibrillation?

automated external defibrillators (AED)

What type of defibrillators are available in public places?

diagnose arrhythmias and treat by resetting heart rhythm

What is the function of automated external defibrillators (AED)?

ventricular fibrillation

What heart abnormality is this?

heart block

What abnormality does the SA node transmit impulses, but ventricles don't receive them?

heart block

What heart abnormality is this?

20-60

What is the normal heartbeat produced by an artificial pacemaker?

decreased blood flow or AV node damage

What is the cause of heart blocks?

artificial pacemaker

What is the treatment for heart blocks?

stops impulse and decreases blood flow

How does the blow to the chest actually cause commotio cordis?

commotio cordis

What is the rare heart abnormality caused by a blow to the chest

ascending part of T wave

When does the blow the chest have to occur to cause commotio cordis?

opens mechanical K channels causing ventricular fibrillation

What occurs after commotio cordis?

commotio cordis

What is the second leading cause of death in athletes?

96%

What percent of commotio cordis victims are male?

14

What is the average age of commotio cordis victim?

15

What percent of commotio victims survive?

lack of diagnosis or defibrillator

Why do so many commotio victims die after the trauma occurs?

0

What percent do chest protectors reduce the risk of commotio cordis?

diaphragm contracts increasing thoracic cavity space

Why is the heart more horizontal during inhale?

vertical

During forceful EXHALE is the heart more vertical or horizontal?

horizontal

During forceful INHALE is the heart more vertical or horizontal?