M12 Complication

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts related to complications in cardiac catheterization, management protocols, and devices used.

Urticaria, mild itching, runny nose, and transient throat irritation. is what severity of contrast media reaction

What characterizes mild hypersensitivity reactions to contrast media?

Anaphylactic shock, diffuse erythema with hypotension, laryngeal edema with stridor, bronchospasm with hypoxia.

is what severity of contrast media reaction

What are the severe hypersensitivity reactions to contrast media?

What is the first step in managing pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF)?

Defibrillation: Start with 200 J, followed by doses of 200-300 J and 360 J.

What is the bradycardia treatment if atropine is ineffective? 3x

Transcutaneous pacing or infusion of Dopamine or Epinephrine.

What is the purpose of the TandemHeart device?

A centrifugal pump that improves filling pressures and decreases workload and oxygen demand.

What are symptoms of acute kidney injury (AKI) related to contrast media?

May include reactions like anaphylaxis and cardiovascular shock.

What is one potential consequence of coronary perforation?

Tamponade, which may require pericardiocentesis.

What is indicated for refractory myocardial ischemia?

Use of nitrates or re-evaluating catheter positioning.

refers to persistent chest pain or signs of myocardial ischemia (like ST depression, elevated troponins, or wall motion abnormalities) that do not improve with standard medical therapy,

Refractory myocardial ischemia

refractory meaning, resistant to treatment or not responding to usual therapy

An ectopic beat landing on the ____ wave can trigger V fib due to electrical instability

T wave

The T wave represents the ventricular phase of ___, where the heart is most vulnerable to arrhythmias.

repolarization

is the process where the cells membrane potential returns to its resting state after a period of depolarization

Repolarization

is a process where a cells membrane potential becomes less negative making the inside of the cell positive compared to outside

Depolarization

depolarization vs repolarization which is contraction

depolarization

A cardioversion shock delivered on the T wave mimics an ectopic beat by forcing early ___.

depolarization

Both ectopic beats on the T wave and mistimed cardioversion can disturb ___ flow and trigger v-fib.

ionic/electrolyte

The R-on-T phenomenon and an unsynchronized shock during repolarization both increase the risk of ___.

lethal arrhythmias (like v-fib)