OBJ 1.1-1.3

End-of-life (EOL)

Period of support from the manufacturer ends

Microsoft Windows (Windows)

A graphical operating systm developed and published by Microsoft

Open-source Software

Type of software where a user can download, modify, use and distribute the source code

Unix

A proprietary operating system used for servers and mainframes

Android

Based on Linux and each manufacturer can make their own version of Android

Chrome OS

A proprietary operating system created by Google based on Linux. It’s designed to run on specific hardware, such as software and desktops. It primarily uses web applications to perform tasks but also supports downloading and installing Android applications

iOS and iPadOS

Both developed by Apple, a proprietary code base, and supports multitasking of applications

New Technology File System (NTFS)

Default filesystem for Windows systems and it supports large volumes, advanced security, and journaling

Journaling (NTFS)

When data is being written to an NTFS file system, it is re-read, verified, and logged as it is being written to the storage device

Snapshot (NTFS)

Allow users to roll back to previous versions of files without having to restore from a backup device

Volume shadow copy

Used to create a file versioning history that allows you to revert changes back to an earlier version

Resilient File System (ReFS)

Modern file system developed by Microsoft. Ability to detect and automatically repair data corruption using checksums and metadata integrity streams

File Allocation Table 32 (FAT 32)

Offers universal compatibility but is limited to 4GB files sizes and 2TB volumes which makes it less suitable for modern storage needs

Extensible File Allocation Table (exFAT)

Modern 64-bit replacement for FAT32 that supports much larger file sizes and storage volumes

Fourth Extended File System (ext4)

Provides excellent performance and journaling but is not natively supported by Windows or macOS

Extended File System (XFS)

Ideal for handling large files and for use in high-speed environments, but it doesn’t support native encryption

Apple File System (APFS)

Optimized for Apple devices, and it offers us speed, encryption, and seamless integration with macOS, iOS, and iPadOS-based system

Network Compatibility

Refers to how devices running different operating systems can communicate on the same data network

Dropbox

A proprietary feature that enables direct, wireless file sharing among Apple devices

Windows Filesystem Types

ReFS, NTFS, FAT32, or exFAT

Linux Filesystem Types

ext4 or exFAT

MacOS Filesystem Types

APFS

32 bit vs. 64 bit

Check wheter or not a processor can support 32-bit or 64-bit opeartions

32-bit Limitations

• Lower memory (4GB of RAM limit)

• Only operate in Windows 10

64-bit Limitations

• More memory (above 4GB limit)

• Windows 10 or 11

Windows Home

Allows to have multiple user accounts to separate files and data from other family members

Key things that are missing from Windows Home:

• No storage encryption

• No support for Windows Information Protection (WIP) which is for data leaks

• No support for business management features

It supports multi-core processors, hyper-threading, large amount of memory

BitLocker

Provides full disk encryption for either the hard disk drive or solid-state drive inside the desktop or laptop. It uses AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) for all the files on the device

Windows Pro

Key features on Windows Pro:

• BitLocker

• Trusted Platform Module (TPM)

• Group Policy Editor

• Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

• Windows Information Protection (WIP)

Windows Enterprise Edition

A fully featured version of Windows that’s going to expand upon what Windows Pro has to offer

Extra features:

• Application virtualization

• User environment virtualization

• DirectAccess

• Credential Guard

• Windows To Go

App-V

Allows the virtualization of application execution environments

User Environment Virtualization (UEV)

Used to capture, save, and manage Windows 10 opearting system and application settings on an individual user environment level

DirectAccess

Used to allow connectivity for remote users back to the organization’s network resources without them having to use a traditional virtual private network connection

Windows To Go

Special feature that allows users to create an image version of their corporate Windows 10 environment and put it onto a USB flash drive

Windows N Editions

Specialized versions of Windows created to comply with the European Union’s antitrust regulations

Key difference:

• The absence of Microsoft’s normally built-in multimedia features

In-place Upgrade

Ability to upgrade the operating system by changing the existing version of the opearing system into a newer version

Settings > Updates and Security > Windows Update > Check for updates

Clean Installation

The OS system will be installed to a new computer by completely replacing the opearing system that already exists on that computer

gpedit.msc

It gives granular control over the operating system, allowing you to manage things like:

• Security settings

• User environment

• System behavior

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)

A modern replacement for the legacy BIOS, offering a graphical interface, improved hardware support, and features like Secure Boot

Image Deployment

Occurs when taking an image file of a hard drive that has a completed installation and then copy that over to the new system

Remote Network Installation

Allows to boot up the computer, and will be getting the operating system with a pre-boot environment over the network and then deploy that image into the system you’ve just booted up

Mainstream Support

Supported for every version of the operating system for a minimum of five years

Extended Support

Some of Microsoft’s products can extend another three to five years and sometimes longer

Optical Media

Any type of dics that uses some sort of laser or light and write the data from it

Network Boot Devices

Take advantage of something inside the BIOS or UEFI that allows you to read boot media over the network

Internet-based Boot

Method allows the system to boot up its system over the Internet

Internal Hard Disk Drive Partition

A hidden device partition created by the manufacturer

Master Boot Record (MBR)

The traditional style of doing partitions on a particular fixed storage device

GUID Partition Table (GPT)

Provides a more up-to-date schema to address MBR limitations

Full Recovery

All files will be lost unless saved on a backup drive to restore them into the system

Disadvantages to suing factory recovery partition

1. Factory recovery only works if the original hard drive is present in the system

2. Lose everything on the system

3. Not the most up-to-date version of operating system

Reset or Repair Mode

Ability to support the refreshing and resetting of all of the options to try to repair its operating system