Kant categorical imperative + Mill's utilitarianism

Deontology

rules determine rightness or wrongness of an action

The good

Willing or choosing to act in a way that reflects the moral law out of a sense of duty to it and with no other consideration.

Moral agents

(i.e. persons) rational, autonomous beings. Reason: the capacity to formulate, understand and act on principles. To be autonomous is to be able to deliberate and act freely for oneself in accordance with reason.

Categorical Imperative

Rule of conduct that can be known and generally applied by any rational being in any situation irrespective of their personal feelings, goals, etc. • Should be obeyed for its own sake, simply because it is the right thing to do for any rational being

C.I formulations

“Act only on that maxim you can at the same time will should become a universal law”. “Act so as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means”.

Consequentialism (Mill’s utilitarianism)

The rightness of an action depends on the results or consequences of the action. (The utility it produces for all people)

Mill’s greatest happiness principle

actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they produce the reverse, with happiness defined as pleasure and the absence of pain.

A dissatisfied human vs. a satisfied pig

intellectual and higher-quality pleasures (higher pleasures) are more valuable than physical ones (lower pleasures)

Hypothetical imperative

Morals/rules different from person to person. People may have different goals or similar goals with different lifestyles.

Limitation of Mill’s greatest happiness principle

Happiness can vary from person to person.