homologous series

What is alkane's formula?

CnH2n+2

What is alkene's formula

CnH2n

Which one is unsaturated? Alkanes or Alkenes?

Alkenes

Which will rapidly decolourise bromine? Methane or heptene?

Heptene

Cycloalkane's general formula?

CnH2n

Same as alkenes! They are isomers of each other

Cycloalkanes only contain single bonds though

Alcohol general formula

CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH

Shortened structural formula of

propan-1-ol

CH₃CH₂CH₂OH

Define homologous series

Family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties

Definition of isomers

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

State the shortened structural formula of butan-2-ol

CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₃

What can alcohols be made from?

The reaction of an alkene with water

E.g. ethene + water → ethanol

What is this process called?

Addition reaction, specifically hydration reaction

State the relationship between boiling points and the number of carbon (and hydrogen) atoms

The boiling points increase as the number of carbon (and hydrogen) atoms increase in the molecule.

State the relationship between the length of hydrocarbon chain and forces of attraction.

The longer the hydrocarbon chain, the greater the forces of attraction between the molecules.

State the relationship between the chain length of alcohols and their boiling points.

As the chain length of alcohols increase with the addition of a CH₂ unit, their boiling points show a progressive increase.

As ____ increases, the strength of _____________ ______ increases

Size

Intermolecular forces

Alcohols burn with _____ flames due to ______ their ___ ______ ______.

Clean

having

Own oxygen supply

Which alcohol is present in alcoholic drink?

Ethanol

What can alcohols be used for (other than drink)

hand sanitizer

Cleaning products

Fuels

State the solubility of alcohols

Methanol, ethanol and propan-1-ol are soluble in water. Butan-1-ol onwards are insoluble due to increasing molecular size.

Hydroxyl group

OH

Carboxyl group

COOH

How do you identify the monomer in a polymer?

It’s in the brackets, in both word form and structural form. Remember to include CH₃ when you’re counting carbons