(21) Head and neck LN (BOOO)

Fascia + Compartments of the neck

1) Retropharyngeal space

2) Carotid sheath
- surrounds vascular compatemnt

3) Pretracheal layer
- surrounds visceral component (esophagus, trachea)

4) Prevertebral layer
- surrounds cervical vertebrae

5) investing layer
- encase superficial muscles + internal compartments

What are the borders of the retropharyngeal space?

(*is a potential space)
Lateral = carotid sheath

Anterior = pretracheal (buccopharyngeal fascia)

Posterior = prevertebral (alar fascia)

NOT CONTINUOUS w/ mediastinum

What are the borders of the prevertebral space?

b/w the alar fascia & prevertebral fascia

continuous w/ mediastinum

What are the CONTENTS of the carotid sheath?

1) Deep cervical chain lymphatics

2) Vagus nerve (CN 10)

3) Internal jugular vein

4) Arteries:
- common carotid
- internal/external carotid

(not priority, doubt you need to know) (“Recall slide”)

What does the internal & external carotids supply?

Internal carotid
- cerebral hemisphere
- eye/orbits via opthalmic artery

External carotid
- pharynx
- larynx
- strucutres of face and mouth

(not priority, doubt you need to know) (“Recall slide”)

Internal jugular vein

Internal jugular + subclavian vein = brachiocephalic vein

Path of internal jugular vein is PARALLEL to __

deep (anterior) cervical chain
*which are both within the carotid sheath!

What are the contents of the PRETRACHEAL LAYER?

(dead centre)
1) pharynx

2) larynx

3) esophagus

4) thyroid + parathyroid glands

What are the triangles of the neck?

1) Anterior triangle

2) Posterior triangle

What is the border/outlines of the ANTERIOR TRIANGLE?

-inferior border of mandible

-SCM

-midline of body

What is the border/outlines of the POSTERIOR TRIANGLE?

-SCM

-trapezius

-middle 3rd clavicle

What are the CONTENTS of the POSTERIOR TRIANGLE?

1) External jugular vein
(drains into subclavian)
- EJV paralleled by SUPERFICIAL cervical chain

2) Spinal accessory nerve (CN 11)
- innervate SCM + traps
- CN11 paralleled by posterior cervical chain

3) Nerve plexus (not that important)
- brachial plexus = upper limb
- cervical plexus = neck
→ phrenic nerve = diaphragm

(Better remember bitch)
Carotid sheath = Deep (anterior) cervical chain

Posterior triangle = posterior (spinal acc) cervical chain

Posterior triangle = superficial cervical chain (external jugular vein))

Path of internal jugular vein PARALLEL TO deep cervical chain LYMPHS = IN THE carotid sheath

Path of spinal accessory nerve (CN11) PARALLEL TO posterior cervical chain lymphs = IN THE posterior triangle

Path of external jugular vein PARALLEL TO
superficial cervical chain (very superficial lymphs) = IN THE posterior triangle

What do all the cervical chains drain into?

Supraclavicular chain → jugular trunk

What are the CONTENTS of the ANTERIOR triangle?

1) Content of carotid sheath
(internal jugular vein → deep cervical chain)

2) Content of pretracheal layer

3) Anterior muscles of neck (anchored to hyoid bone)
-suprahyoid muscles
-infrahyoid (strap muscles

The anterior triangle is broken up into what other triangles?

1) Submental triangle

2) Submandibular triangle

What are the OUTLINES/BORDERS of the submental triangle?

-hyoid bone

-anterior belly of digastric muscle

-midline

*contains submental nodes

What are the outline/borders of the submandibular tirangle?

-inferior border of mandible

-anterior + posterior digastric muscle

*contain submandibular node

The anterior and posterior digastric muscle are the border of __

submandibular triangle

Anterior digastric ONLY are the border of __

submental triangle

Deep cervical chain consists of:

junctional (communicates w/ deep cervical and posterior cervical)

jugulodigastric

juguloomohyoid

lower deep cervical

supraclavicular

retropharyngeal nodes drain what

maxillary sinus

pharynx

soft palate

what drains the larynx, trachea and thyroid gland?

-pre-layngeal
-pretracheal
-paratracheal

→ drain into deep cervical chain