glycolysis/ anaerobic cellular respiration

first step of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration

glycolysis

what is glycolysis

the breakdown of glucose

what does glycolysis break down

it breaks down one glucose molecule through a series of 9 chemical reactions

reactants and products of glycolis

glucose + 2 ATP,+2 NAD+ +2Pi ———> 2 pyruvic acids + 2 NADH + 2 ATP (net)

NAD+ & NADH

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

-NADH = reduced form

Pi

inorganic phosphates

how many carbons are in a pyruvic acid

3

where in the process is atp used

in the early reactions of gylcolysis 2 ATP’s are used

where in the process is ATP made 

in the later reactions of glycolysis a total of 4 ATP are made but a net of 2

where in the process is NADH made

in the later reactions of glycolysis 2 NADH are made

what is NADH

a high energy molecule; electron carrier

what is the energy in NADH used for

the potential energy is converted to atp during aerobic cellular respiration

what happens when there is no o2 to complete the breakdown of glucose

anaerobic cellular respiration occur

how does anaerobic cellular respiration complete glycolysis

through lactic acid fermentation

-2 stages

why is the breakdown of glycolysis incomplete

because all the NAD+ was turned into NADH & glycolysis needs NAD+ to finish

how does fermentation/anaerobic cellular respiration complete glycolysis 

by turning NADH back into NAD+, so glycolysis can keep making ATP.

-recycling 

what does NADH carry 

one hydrogen ion (H⁺)

how does anaerobic cellular respiration regenerate NAD

it gives away the H in NADH  & the hydrogen ion it carries (H+)

describe what happens to the functional groups

The carbonyl group is reduced to a hydroxyl group forming lactic acid

C=O → C-OH

what happens to pyruvic when it recieves the 2 H’s from NADH

it is converted to lactic acid/lactate

what enzyme is used in lactic acid fermentation

lactate dehydrogenase

why is NADH now NAD+

the H are gone and its + because it gave away electron so it is now cation 

where does lactic acid fermentation mainly happen

in the cytoplasm

where else can lactic acid fermentation happen

in skeletal muscle cells

-excessive lactic acid formation and cause pain and muscle fatigue

net production for anerobic cellular respiration

-2 ATP

-2 Lactic acids

-2 NAD+