BIO B Unit 1 - Quiz #2 - DNA & Protein Synthesis

Describe the structure of DNA

double helix (twisted ladder)

In eukaryotic cells, where is DNA located?

nucleus

What are the main functions of DNA?

-stores genetic information

-copies itself

-puts genetic info. to work

DNA is composed of smaller units called __________________.

nucleotides

Label the 3 parts of a nucleotide

-Phosphate

-Deoxyribose sugar

-Nitrogen base

The nitrogenous bases are the genetic _______ to assemble proteins.

code

DNA relays information through the __________ of its nitrogenous bases.

order

What are the DNA bases?

A - Adenine

T - Thymine

C - Cytosine

G - Guanine

Remember A goes with T, C goes with G!

DNA must be ___________ before cell division.

replicated

What unzips the DNA during replication?

DNA helicase (H = cuts in HALF)

What connects the new bases to the old strand during DNA replication?

DNA polymerase (P = PUTS it together)

A _______ of the DNA is made through the process of transcription.

copy

Where does Transcription occur?

nucleus

What is mRNA?

mRNA is the COPY of DNA instructions

Why doesn't DNA leave the nucleus?

DNA is too large and too important to leave, that's why the copy (mRNA) is made.

__________ is small enough to fit through the nuclear pores.

mRNA

Where does the mRNA go after transcription (after it's copied?)

Ribosome

Differences between DNA & RNA - DNA is double stranded and RNA is ________ __________.

single stranded

DNA has a double helix, and RNA has a _______________ ______________.

single helix

DNA has deoxyribose sugar and RNA has ___________ sugar.

ribose

(D = deoxyribose, R = ribose)

Nitrogen bases - DNA has A,T,C,G and RNA has __, __, __, __.

A,U,G,C

Base pairing - Transcription

A (Adenine) connects to _________

T (Thymine) connects to _________

G (Guanine) connects to ________

C (Cytosine) connects to ________

A -----> U (Uracil)

T -----> A

G ----> C

C ----> G

Which type of RNA copies & carries the message from the nucleus/DNA to the ribosome

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Which type of RNA transfers Amino acids from the cytoplasm into the ribosomes.

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Which type of RNA are what ribosomes are made of and responsible for making new ribosomes.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Translation is the __________ stage of protein synthesis.

final

Describe the process of translation

Process of translating a sequence of mRNA to a sequence of amino acids.

What are amino acids?

building blocks of proteins

1st step of translation

The mRNA brings the message to the ribosome.

2nd step of translation

tRNA anticodon binds to the codon of mRNA.

3rd step of translation

tRNA donates its amino acid to the chain.

4th step of translation

Translation stops when a stop codon is reached.

Last step of translation

Amino acid chain released by the ribosome.