Cognitive Components and Term - Eval: Cog & Behav

orientation

knowledge of person, time, place, and circumstances

orientation is associated with --- ---

memory impairment

orientation to --- is the most vulnerable

time

orientation - recovery occurs in the order of ---, ---, and then ---

person, place, time

attention

means by which one can orient in order to receive incoming information

automatic attention

sensory processing memory

controlled attnetion

short term, working, or primary memory components

focused attention

ability to respond to different kinds of stimulation

sustained attention/vigilance

maintaining attention for performance for a period of time

selective attention

maintaining attention on one set of stimuli while ignoring another

divided attention

attending to more than one task at a time

alternating

shifting attention from one task to another

concentration

the ability to do mental work while attending (active encoding in working memory)

alertness/arousal

related to the preparation to mobilize attention, level of wakefulness/consciousness/energy levels

acalculia

impairment in number processing and calculations

visual processing

impacts how we take in information to encode the information

form discrimination

ability to distinguish different types of forms

depth perception (stereopsis)

ability to visualize the third dimension depth; important for locating objects and safely navigating

figure ground perception:

ability to distinguish the foreground from the background

spatial relations

distinguishing relationship between objects

topographical orientation

difficulty finding one's way in space due to not understanding the relationship of places to one another; way finding

apraxia

a deficit in motor planning; inability to perform certain skilled purposeful movements in the absence of loss of motor power, sensation, or coordination

apraxia is commonly seen with ---

aphasia

apraxia is sometimes associated with ---

perseveration

perseveration

repetition of a certain response past the appropriate point of termination (word, phrase, gesture, movement)

types of apraxia

ideomotor, ideational, oral, constructional, dressing

ideomotor apraxia

inability to imitate gestures or perform a purposeful motor task on command even though the person fully understands the idea or concept of task; left hemisphere damage

ideational apraxia

limited ability in carrying out complex sequential motor acts due to disruption of conception (they have no idea what you asking); loss of knowledge of tool function

oral

difficulty forming and organizing intelligible words although musculature is in tact

constructional

impairment in producing designs in two or three dimensions by copying, drawing, or constructing

dressing

inability to dress oneself because of a disorder of body scheme and/or spational relations

body scheme disorders

somatognosia, unilateral body neglect, right-left discrimination, finger agnosia

somatognosia

lack of awareness of body structure and failure to recognize one's parts and their relationship to each other

unilateral body neglect

inability to integrate perceptions from one (usually left) side of the body; they ignore one half of their body

right-left discrimination

usually mastered by 7 y/o

finger agnosia

doubt and hesitation concerning fingers

agnosia

lack of recognition of familiar objects although perceived (visual, tactile [astereognosis], auditory)

concrete language

tangible characteristic we know through our senses

abstract language

intangible qualities, ideas, and concepts

receptive language

the ability to understand information

expressive language

the ability to put thoughts into words and sentences in a coherent manner

what are the two types of aphasia mentioned?

receptive and expressive

dysarthria

motor speech disorder in which the muscles of speech are damaged, paralyzed, or weakened (motor, not cognitive)