APWH Unit 2 Terms (1200-1450)

Lateen Sail

Lateen Sail

Triangular shape could easily catch winds

Stern Rudder

Increased ship stability (made by Chinese sailors)

Astrolabe

Helped sailors determine their distance from the equator

Junks

Had multiple sails and was triple the size of a typical European ship

Monsoon System

Sailors had to time their trips carefully depending on when the winds were favorable

Silk Roads

Stretched from China to Europe and North Africa, named after the famous commodity silk worn by elites

Trans-Saharan Trade

Africans traded gold, ivory, and slaves in exchange for salt, textiles, and horses. Brought wealth to Ghana and Mali and Islam to West and Sub-Saharan Africa

Flying cash

Merchants could deposit paper money under their names in one location and withdraw the same amount in another area. (China)

Banking Houses

People could present a bill of exchange, a document document stating that the holder was legally promised a set payment on a certain date (Europe)

Hanseatic League

Commercial alliance between Germany and Scandinavia that controlled trade in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea; monopolized timber, grain, leather, and fish

Bubonic Plague

Killed about half of Europeans in the 14th century

Genghis Khan

Mongol leader who created a series of tribal alliances and defeated neighboring groups to expand power

Kublai Khan

Grandson of Genghis Khan, conquered Song China and established the Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

Mongol led Dynasty of China.

Golden Horde

Batu, a grandson of Genghis Khan, led an army called the Golden Horde to conquer Russia’s kingdoms

Pax Mongolica

Mongolian peace in Eurasia

Siege Weapons

The Mongols acquired these from conquered engineers in China and Persia

Ming Dynasty

Buddhist monk Zhu Yuanzhang led a revolt that ended the Yuan Dynasty and began the Ming Dynasty

Sincization

The policy implemented by various Chinese dynasties to assimilate or integrate foreign people and cultures into Chinese society.

Diaspora

Groups of people away from their countries of origin

Spice Island

Malaysia and Indonesia - nutmeg, cinnamon, and cloves

Caravanserai

Inns for travelers to rest and exchange animals on the Silk Road

Champa Rice

Quick-ripening, drought-resistant rice from Vietnam

Marco Polo

Spent over 20 years in China, serving as an emissary for the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan and participating in many diplomatic missions.

Zheng He

Muslim admiral who traveled around the Indian Ocean Basin; Sent on seven great voyages to boast the Ming Dynasty’s power and collect tribute

Ibn Battuta

Muslim scholar from Morroco, traveled to Afro-Eurasian Muslim lands to learn about Islam, wrote a book about the cities he visited