15.4 Sympathetic Division

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
GameKnowt Play
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/25

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

26 Terms

1
New cards

sympathetic division

  • function: energy and exercise, “fight or flight division”

  • thoracolumbar division (T1-L2)

  • two types of ganglia:

    • sympathetic trunk ganglia

    • prevertebral ganglia

2
New cards

sympathetic preganglionic neurons

  • cell bodies housed within lateral horn of T1-L2

3
New cards

sympathetic trunks

  • left and right trunks later of cerebral column

  • pearl necklace

    • string of axons

      pearls of sympathetic trunk ganglia housing bodies

<ul><li><p>left and right trunks later of cerebral column</p></li><li><p>pearl necklace</p><ul><li><p><strong>string </strong>of <strong>axons</strong></p><p><strong>pearls </strong>of <strong>sympathetic trunk ganglia</strong> housing bodies</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
4
New cards

superior cervical ganglion

  • cells have postganglionic axons going to head, neck, thoracic viscera

  • targets: sweat glands, blood vessels, dilator pupillae muscle of eye, superior tarsal muscle of eyelid

<ul><li><p>cells have <strong>postganglionic axons going to head, neck, thoracic viscera</strong></p></li><li><p>targets: sweat glands, blood vessels, dilator pupillae muscle of eye, superior tarsal muscle of eyelid</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
New cards

middle and inferior cervical ganglion

  • cells have postganglionic axons that innervate neck structures and thoracic viscera

<ul><li><p>cells have <strong>postganglionic axons that innervate neck structures and thoracic viscera</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
6
New cards

white and gray rami

connect spinal nerves to sympathetic trunk

7
New cards

white rami communicantes

  • carry myelinated preganglionic sympathetic axons from T1–L2 nerves to trunk

  • “Entrance ramps” to trunk

8
New cards

gray rami communicantes

  • Carry unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic axons from trunk to all spinal nerves

  • “Exit ramps” from trunk

9
New cards

Sympathetic splanchnic nerves

  • not synapsing in sympathetic trunk

  • typically terminate in prevertebral ganglia

10
New cards

prevertebral ganglia

  • celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia

11
New cards

celiac ganglia

  • greater thoracic splanchnic nerves enter

  • axons innervate stomach, duodenum, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas (digestive organs)

  • T5-T9

<ul><li><p><strong>greater thoracic splanchnic nerves enter</strong></p></li><li><p>axons innervate stomach, duodenum, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas<strong> (digestive organs)</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>T5-T9</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
12
New cards

Superior mesenteric ganglia

  • Lesser and least thoracic splanchnic nerves enter

  • Postganglionic axons innervate small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, kidneys, ureters (digestive, kidneys)

  • T10-T12

<ul><li><p><strong>Lesser and least thoracic splanchnic nerves enter</strong></p></li><li><p>Postganglionic axons innervate small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, kidneys, ureters <strong>(digestive, kidneys)</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>T10-T12</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
13
New cards

Inferior mesenteric ganglia

  • Lumbar splanchnic nerves enter

  • Postganglionic axons innervate large intestine, rectum, bladder, ureters, reproductive organs (digestive and urinary)

  • L1-L2

<ul><li><p><strong>Lumbar splanchnic nerves enter</strong></p></li><li><p>Postganglionic axons innervate large intestine, rectum, bladder, ureters, reproductive organs<strong> (digestive and urinary)</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>L1-L2</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
14
New cards

Sympathetic Pathways

Axons exit the sympathetic trunk by one of these four pathways

  • spinal nerve pathway

  • postganglionic symp. nerve pathway

  • splanchnic nerve pathway

  • adrenal medulla pathway

15
New cards

spinal nerve pathway

  • For skin effectors (For example, sweat glands) of neck, torso and limbs

  • Pre neuron enters sympathetic trunk ganglion and synapses with ganglionic neuron

  • Postganglionic axon travels through gray ramus at same spinal level as ganglion, joins that level’s spinal nerve and extends to effector

<ul><li><p>For <strong>skin effectors</strong> (For example, sweat glands) of neck, torso and limbs</p></li><li><p><strong>Pre neuron enters sympathetic trunk ganglion </strong>and synapses with ganglionic neuron</p></li><li><p><strong>Postganglionic axon travels through gray ramus </strong>at same spinal level as ganglion, joins that level’s spinal nerve and <strong>extends to effector</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
16
New cards

postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway

  • For effectors that are internal organs of thorax and neck (for example, heart and esophagus); skin effectors of head and neck; eyelid and dilator pupillae muscles

  • Pre neuron enters and synapses in sympathetic trunk ganglion

  • Postganglionic axon goes directly from trunk ganglion to effector

  • Does not leave trunk via grey ramus

<ul><li><p>For effectors that are<strong> internal organs of thorax and neck </strong>(for example, heart and esophagus); skin effectors of head and neck; eyelid and dilator pupillae muscles</p></li><li><p><strong>Pre neuron enters and synapses in sympathetic trunk ganglion</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Postganglionic </strong>axon goes <strong>directly from trunk ganglion to effector </strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Does not leave trunk via grey ramus</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
17
New cards

splanchnic nerve pathway

  • For effectors in abdominal and pelvic viscera

  • Pre axons pass sympathetic trunk without synapsing

  • Axons travel in splanchnic nerves to prevertebral ganglia where they synapse

  • Post axons innervate effectors

<ul><li><p>For effectors in<strong> abdominal and pelvic viscera</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Pre axons pass sympathetic trunk without synapsing</strong></p></li><li><p>Axons travel in <strong>splanchnic nerves</strong> to <strong>prevertebral ganglia </strong>where they <strong>synapse</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Post </strong>axons<strong> innervate effectors</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
18
New cards

adrenal medulla pathway

  • For central region of adrenal gland (its medulla)

  • Pre sympathetic axons extend through sympathetic trunk and pre ganglia without synapsing in either

  • Pre cells stimulate adrenal medulla cells to release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood

  • These hormones enhance and prolong the fight-or-flight response

<ul><li><p>For <strong>central region of adrenal gland (its medulla)</strong></p></li><li><p>Pre sympathetic axons <strong>extend through sympathetic trunk and pre ganglia without synapsing in either</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Pre cells stimulate</strong> adrenal medulla cells to release <strong>epinephrine and norepinephrine </strong>into the blood</p></li><li><p>These hormones <strong>enhance and prolong the fight-or-flight response</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
19
New cards

Effector Stimulation: cardiovascular system

  • heart: increases heart rate and force of contraction

  • coronary arteries: vasodilation

20
New cards

Effector Stimulation: digestive system

  • salivary glands: viscous saliva

  • GI tract wall: decrease motility

  • pancreas: inhibit insulin, stimulate glucagon

  • liver: glycogenolysis

21
New cards

Effector Stimulation: respiratory system

  • bronchi/bronchioles: dilation to increase airflow

22
New cards

Effector Stimulation: urinary system

  • urinary bladder: retention of urine

  • kidney: release of renin, helps increase blood flow

23
New cards

Effector Stimulation: reproductive system

  • reproductive glands: stimulate release of secretions in male during ejac.

  • uterus and vagina: contraction of walls during orgasm

24
New cards

Effector Stimulation: integumentary system

  • arrector pili: contraction, goosebumps

  • sweat glands: release sweat

  • blood vessels: vasocontriction

25
New cards

Effector Stimulation: nervous system

iris: dilation

26
New cards

Effector Stimulation: other structures

  • Release of epinephrine/norepinephrine from adrenal medulla

  • lipolysis in adipose tissue

  • vasodilation of vessels in skeletal muscle

Explore top notes

Explore top flashcards