TCW

Globalization

Process of increasing flow of ideas, goods, and capital.

International Monetary Fund

Defines globalization as economic and social integration.

5 Blind Men Parable

Illustrates partial understanding of a complex truth.

Manfred Steger

Describes globalization as social relations' expansion.

Social Relations

Interconnectedness of societies across time and space.

Urban Areas

Globalization primarily felt in cities.

Classical Antiquity

Cultural history centered around the Mediterranean.

Greco-Roman World

Ancient Greece and Rome's interlocking civilizations.

Technological Advancements

Facilitate speed of globalization processes.

Silk Road

Trade route for goods and cultures across continents.

Catholic Church

Most powerful institution during the Middle Ages.

Tithe

10% earnings paid to the Church annually.

Protestant Reformation

16th-century movement led by Martin Luther.

Dark Ages

Period with few scientific or artistic achievements.

Renaissance

Cultural revival following the Middle Ages.

Empires

Centralized governments with vast territories.

Yersinia Pestis

Bacillus causing the plague, transmitted by fleas.

Political Interconnection

Countries linked through political relationships.

Economic Interconnection

Countries linked through trade and finance.

Social Interconnection

Countries linked through cultural exchanges.

Age of Exploration

Period of global exploration and trade expansion.

20th Century Globalization

Rapid increase in global interconnectedness post-WWII.

Middle Ages

Period between the fall of Rome and Renaissance.

Islamic Caliphate

Unified Muslim rule over the Middle East.

First Universities

Bologna, Oxford, Paris established in the Middle Ages.

Feudalism

System where kings grant land to nobles.

Fiefs

Land granted to nobles in feudalism.

Serfs

Landless peasants working on noble lands.

Romanesque Cathedrals

Architectural style characterized by thick walls.

Gothic Structures

Style featuring pointed arches and flying buttresses.

Black Death

Bubonic plague pandemic from 1347 to 1350.

Renaissance

Cultural rebirth in Europe from 14th to 17th century.

Age of Exploration

Period of European sea exploration for trade.

Leonardo da Vinci

Renaissance artist known for 'Mona Lisa' and 'Last Supper'.

Desiderius Erasmus

Translator of the New Testament into Greek.

René Descartes

Philosopher known for 'I think; therefore I am'.

Donatello

Sculptor known for lifelike works like 'David'.

Sandro Botticelli

Painter famous for 'Birth of Venus'.

Raphael

Artist known for 'The School of Athens'.

Michelangelo

Renowned for sculptures and 'The Sistine Chapel'.

Christopher Columbus

Discovered the Bahamas in 1492.

John Cabot

Explored the coast of Newfoundland.

Henry Hudson

Mapped Manhattan in 1609.

Imperialism

Policy of extending a country's power and influence.

Scientific Revolution

Period of significant advancements in scientific thought.

Imperialism

Conquest of one set of people by another.

Heliocentric Theory

Sun-centered model of the cosmos proposed by Copernicus.

Age of Sail

Period of exploration and maritime expansion (1450-1850).

Age of Steam

Era characterized by steam power (1850-1950).

20th Century

Period marked by major global conflicts and advancements.

Thomas Hobbes

Philosopher known for 'Leviathan' advocating strong government.

World War I

Global conflict from 1914 to 1918 involving major powers.

Central Powers

Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey in WWI.

William Shakespeare

Famous playwright known for works like 'Romeo and Juliet'.

Isaac Newton

Scientist who formulated universal laws of motion.

Age of Reasoning

Period emphasizing reason over faith after the Renaissance.

World War II

Global conflict from 1939 to 1945 following WWI.

Cold War

Political tension between the USA and USSR post-WWII.

Industrial Revolution

Shift from hand-made to mass production innovations.

The Red Scare

Fear of communism in the United States post-WWI.

James Watt

Inventor of the steam engine, revolutionized industry.

Samuel Morse

Developed the telegraph for long-distance communication.

Elias Howe

Inventor of the sewing machine, improved garment production.

Alexander Graham Bell

Inventor of the telephone, enhanced voice communication.

Thomas Edison

Inventor of the incandescent light bulb, transformed lighting.

Interstate System

Competing states lacking centralized control over governance.

Global Interstate System

Governance addressing issues beyond nation-state scope.

State

Self-governing political entity with defined territory.

Nation

Ethnic concept based on shared history and language.

International Organizations

Facilitators of state interactions and independent actors.

Evolutionary Theory

Sociological theory explaining state development through kinship.

Elements of State

Includes people, territory, government, and sovereignty.

Force Theory

State power established through subjugation of the weak.

Paternalistic Theory

State evolution from family to clan structures.

Divine Right Theory

Monarchs claim authority through divine sanction.

Social Contract Theory

People surrender freedoms for security and order.

Diplomacy

Relations between states via trained representatives.

Bilateralism

Interactions between two states for mutual benefit.

Multilateralism

Involves multiple states, often through international organizations.

World Bank

Founded for poverty reduction and economic development.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Established rules for global trade to reduce barriers.

International Labour Organization

Founded in 1919 to improve worker conditions.

UNESCO

Founded in 1945, promotes education, science, culture.

WHO

Founded in 1948, promotes global health initiatives.

UNICEF

Founded in 1945, advocates for children's rights.

UN

Founded in 1945, focuses on global peacekeeping.

IMF

Founded in 1944, supports international monetary cooperation.

Democracy

Government system where power resides with the people.

Direct Democracy

Citizens vote directly on policy decisions.

Representative Democracy

Citizens elect representatives to make decisions.

Dictatorship

Autocratic rule by a single leader or group.

Monarchy

Sovereignty embodied in a monarch.

Absolute Monarchy

Monarch holds full executive power.

Constitutional Monarchy

Monarch is symbolic; governance by elected officials.

Aristocracy

Rule by a small group of elites.

Technocracy

Governance by experts in technology and science.

Theocracy

Rule based on religious principles and leaders.

Socialism

Community ownership of production and resources.

Communism

Classless society with public ownership of resources.

Codified Constitution

Compiled into a single document defining laws.