First Exam Ancient LiteratureSex

Sex

Biological indicators for human sex, determined by chromosomes or genitalia

Gender

Cultural interpretation of sex

Sexuality

sexual identity influenced by cultural norms (constructionalist point of view)

Primary source

sources written/created in original time period

Secondary Sources

works of modern scholarship ex. Ornand

Michel Foucault

Wrote The History of Sexuality and is a constructionalist

Essentialist

Scholars who are argue that sexuality/sexual identity is an inborn identity

Constructionalist

Scholars who argue that sexuality is culturally specific

Homer

Greek poet who wrote the Illiad and The Odyssey, lived 8th century BCE

Greek Epic Poetry

Long poems often describing heroic deeds.journeys ex. Illiad, The Odyssey

Iliad

Greek Epic written by Homer that recounts the events of the Trojan War

Achilles

One of the main characters in the Illiad who was known for being the greatest of all greek warriors. He is close companions with Patroclus, and he avenges Patroclus’s death by killing Hector.

Patroclus

One of the main characters in the Illiad who has a very close relationship with Achilles. He is killed by Hector when he attemped to disguise himself as Achiles

Helen

Described as one of the most beautiful women in the world. her marriage with Paris of Troy causes the Trojan war

Hesiod

Greak Poet who wrote Theogeny and Works and Days. Lived 7th century BCE

Pandora

She is the first woman in the Theogeny who opens a jar she wasn’t supposed to, releasing all the evils into the world

Pithos

Greek term for a large earth jar. Known for containing the evils of the world before Pandora releases them

Greek Lyric Poetry

Poetry intended to be sung with music. Sappho is well known in modern times for greek lyric poetry

Sappho

Greek Lyric Poet from island of Lesbos. Lived late 7th BCE

Lesbos

Greek Island in Aegean sea that is the birthplace of Sappho

Fragment

A poem that is discontinuous or something a part of a larger work

Polis

Ancient Greek City-State

Athens

Polis in Attica Region

Democracy

Ruled by the people Athens had a democracy, but only Athenian citizens could vote

Greco-Persian Wars

two major land invasions of Greece by the Achaemenid Persian Empire:

Athenian Citizenship Law

To be a citizen of Athens, both your father and mother had to be a citizen

Kurios

Male family member responsible for citizen women

Hoplite

Strong, well-disciplined man who can control his desires

Kinaidos

not masculine, sexually passive man

Pederasty

Relationship between older man and younger boy that is both sexual and educational

Erastes

Older, “active” partner in Pederasty

Eromenos

Younger passive partner in Pederasty

Enkrateia

self control for men

Sophrosyne

Modesty for greek women

Andreia

Manliness and bravery

Hybris

To violate his physical person. Charge given if advances towards a boy were improper or if boy was violated

Symposium

All-men, erotic, drinking party

Obscenity

Context and cultural specific. For example, a bikini model on a cover of a magazine at a supermarket would shock a fifth century greek audience

Euryproktos

wide ass/gaping asshole

Katapugon

wide ass/deep asshole

Dionysus

Greek god of wine, theatre, and madness

Aristophanes

Comic playwright who wrote Lysistrata. Lived late 5th century BCE

Lysistrata (Play)

Addresses the military conflict between Athens and Sparta in Peloponnesian war where women of athens refuse to have sex with their husbands to force peace

Lysistrata (Character)

Main charactera and an athenian wife in Lysistrata who proposes the sex-strike amongst women

Acropolis

Rocky hill in center of Athens that is a sacred site

Archaic Period

800-508 BCE

Classical Period

507-323 BCE

Curse Tablet

Ancient binding spell that restricts that restricts movement or behavior with one person to another

attraction curse

binding one person to another

seperation curse

break one person up with another