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Sex
Biological indicators for human sex, determined by chromosomes or genitalia
Gender
Cultural interpretation of sex
Sexuality
sexual identity influenced by cultural norms (constructionalist point of view)
Primary source
sources written/created in original time period
Secondary Sources
works of modern scholarship ex. Ornand
Michel Foucault
Wrote The History of Sexuality and is a constructionalist
Essentialist
Scholars who are argue that sexuality/sexual identity is an inborn identity
Constructionalist
Scholars who argue that sexuality is culturally specific
Homer
Greek poet who wrote the Illiad and The Odyssey, lived 8th century BCE
Greek Epic Poetry
Long poems often describing heroic deeds.journeys ex. Illiad, The Odyssey
Iliad
Greek Epic written by Homer that recounts the events of the Trojan War
Achilles
One of the main characters in the Illiad who was known for being the greatest of all greek warriors. He is close companions with Patroclus, and he avenges Patroclus’s death by killing Hector.
Patroclus
One of the main characters in the Illiad who has a very close relationship with Achilles. He is killed by Hector when he attemped to disguise himself as Achiles
Helen
Described as one of the most beautiful women in the world. her marriage with Paris of Troy causes the Trojan war
Hesiod
Greak Poet who wrote Theogeny and Works and Days. Lived 7th century BCE
Pandora
She is the first woman in the Theogeny who opens a jar she wasn’t supposed to, releasing all the evils into the world
Pithos
Greek term for a large earth jar. Known for containing the evils of the world before Pandora releases them
Greek Lyric Poetry
Poetry intended to be sung with music. Sappho is well known in modern times for greek lyric poetry
Sappho
Greek Lyric Poet from island of Lesbos. Lived late 7th BCE
Lesbos
Greek Island in Aegean sea that is the birthplace of Sappho
Fragment
A poem that is discontinuous or something a part of a larger work
Polis
Ancient Greek City-State
Athens
Polis in Attica Region
Democracy
Ruled by the people Athens had a democracy, but only Athenian citizens could vote
Greco-Persian Wars
two major land invasions of Greece by the Achaemenid Persian Empire:
Athenian Citizenship Law
To be a citizen of Athens, both your father and mother had to be a citizen
Kurios
Male family member responsible for citizen women
Hoplite
Strong, well-disciplined man who can control his desires
Kinaidos
not masculine, sexually passive man
Pederasty
Relationship between older man and younger boy that is both sexual and educational
Erastes
Older, “active” partner in Pederasty
Eromenos
Younger passive partner in Pederasty
Enkrateia
self control for men
Sophrosyne
Modesty for greek women
Andreia
Manliness and bravery
Hybris
To violate his physical person. Charge given if advances towards a boy were improper or if boy was violated
Symposium
All-men, erotic, drinking party
Obscenity
Context and cultural specific. For example, a bikini model on a cover of a magazine at a supermarket would shock a fifth century greek audience
Euryproktos
wide ass/gaping asshole
Katapugon
wide ass/deep asshole
Dionysus
Greek god of wine, theatre, and madness
Aristophanes
Comic playwright who wrote Lysistrata. Lived late 5th century BCE
Lysistrata (Play)
Addresses the military conflict between Athens and Sparta in Peloponnesian war where women of athens refuse to have sex with their husbands to force peace
Lysistrata (Character)
Main charactera and an athenian wife in Lysistrata who proposes the sex-strike amongst women
Acropolis
Rocky hill in center of Athens that is a sacred site
Archaic Period
800-508 BCE
Classical Period
507-323 BCE
Curse Tablet
Ancient binding spell that restricts that restricts movement or behavior with one person to another
attraction curse
binding one person to another
seperation curse
break one person up with another