IPC Exam 1 Study Guide on Hyperlipidemia and Hypertension Therapeutics

These flashcards cover key concepts related to hyperlipidemia and hypertension therapeutics, including definitions, treatment protocols, and medication mechanisms.

What is hyperlipidemia?

Increased amounts of lipids in the blood.

What is atherosclerosis?

Buildup of plaque in the arteries.

What is the primary prevention goal for LDL levels?

Less than 100 mg/dL.

What would you put someone on who is over 40 and with diabetes and how much lowering would it have?

Start a moderate-high intensity statin for LDL-c levels below 30-49% lowering.

When should a high intensity statin be started?

If LDL-c level is greater than or equal to 90.

How do statins primarily lower LDL levels?

They inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, decreasing cholesterol synthesis.

What should be the goal LDL for secondary prevention in high-risk patients?

Less than 55 mg/dL.

What is the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe?

Reduces cholesterol absorption in the small intestine.

What defines resistant hypertension?

Blood pressure above goal despite treatment with three antihypertensive medications or requiring four or more medications.

What are the lifestyle changes recommended for managing blood pressure?

Weight reduction, DASH eating plan, abstaining from alcohol, and increased physical activity.

What is the overall blood pressure goal for adults?

Less than 130/80 mmHg.

What types of lipoproteins are considered atherogenic?

LDL, VLDL, IDL.

What is the mechanism of action of PCSK9 inhibitors?

They inhibit the function of PCSK9, leading to increased LDL receptor levels.

What is the role of diuretics in hypertension management?

They help to remove excess sodium and water to lower blood pressure.

What defines isolated systolic hypertension?

High systolic blood pressure with diastolic blood pressure at goal.

What are the common adverse effects of statins?

Myopathy, headache, GI issues, and liver toxicity.

What additional medication is considered for patients with high triglycerides despite LDL being at goal?

Icosapent Ethyl (Vascepa).