Unit 3 ap human geo

Front: What is culture?

Back: The shared beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technologies of a group of people.

Front: What is a cultural trait?

Back: A single behavior or belief, such as language, food, or clothing.

Front: What is a cultural complex?

Back: A group of related cultural traits (ex: fast food includes food, buildings, and habits).

Front: What is a cultural hearth?

Back: The place where a culture or cultural trait begins and spreads from.

Front: What is the cultural landscape?

Back: The visible imprint humans leave on Earth, such as buildings, cities, roads, and religious structures.

Front: Examples of cultural landscape

Back: Churches, mosques, temples, skyscrapers, houses, farms, fast-food restaurants.

Front: What is folk culture?

Back: Small, traditional cultures that are slow to change and tied to specific locations.

Front: What is popular culture?

Back: Large, widespread culture that spreads quickly through media and technology.

Front: What do cultural patterns show?

Back: How culture is organized and spread across space.

Front: What is cultural diffusion?

Back: The spread of cultural traits from one place to another.

Front: What is relocation diffusion?

Back: When people move and bring their culture with them.

Front: What is expansion diffusion?

Back: Cultural traits spread outward but remain strong in their origin area.

Front: What is contagious diffusion?

Back: Rapid, widespread diffusion through direct contact.

Front: What is hierarchical diffusion?

Back: Diffusion that spreads through power, wealth, or authority.

Front: What is stimulus diffusion?

Back: An idea spreads but changes to fit local culture.

Front: How did culture spread historically?

Back: Through colonialism, trade routes, conquest, and exploration.

Front: How does culture spread today?

Back: Technology, social media, the internet, and globalization.

Front: What is language?

Back: A system of communication using sounds, symbols, or gestures.

Front: What is a lingua franca?

Back: A language used for trade and communication between different language groups (ex: English).

Front: What is a pidgin language?

Back: A simplified language created for communication between groups.

Front: What is a creole language?

Back: A stable language that develops from a pidgin.

Front: What is a language family?

Back: A group of languages with a common origin.

Front: Example of language evolution

Back: Spanish and Portuguese both evolved from Latin.

Front: What is religion?

Back: A system of beliefs and practices related to the sacred.

Front: What is an ethnic religion?

Back: A religion tied to one ethnic group and location (ex: Hinduism).

Front: What is a universalizing religion?

Back: A religion that seeks converts and spreads globally (ex: Christianity, Islam).

Front: Where did major religions originate?

Back: Southwest Asia and South Asia.

Front: How did Islam spread?

Back: Through contagious diffusion along trade routes.

Front: Positive effects of diffusion

Back: New ideas, food, music, and cultural diversity.

Front: Negative effects of diffusion

Back: Cultural loss, conflict, and homogenization.

Front: What is assimilation?

Back: When a minority culture fully blends into the dominant culture.

Front: What is acculturation?

Back: When cultures exchange traits but remain distinct.

Front: What is syncretism?

Back: The blending of two or more cultural traits into a new form.

Front: What is multiculturalism?

Back: Multiple cultures living together while keeping distinct identities.

Front: What is ethnocentrism?

Back: Judging other cultures by your own cultural standards.

Front: What is cultural relativism?

Back: Understanding a culture based on its own values and beliefs.

Front: What is placelessness?

Back: When places look alike because of globalization.

Front: What is a uniform landscape?

Back: A place where buildings, stores, and designs look the same everywhere.

Front: What are centripetal forces?

Back: Forces that unite people (shared language or religion).

Front: What are centrifugal forces?

Back: Forces that divide people (language barriers or religious conflict).

Front: How does religion change landscapes?

Back: By adding religious buildings, symbols, and land-use patterns.

Front: Swahili and English are examples of…

Back: Lingua francas.