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How do you ask “why” politely with explanation?
どうして〜んですか?
Example
どうして遅れたんですか? = Why were you late? (asking for explanation)
How to answer “why” politely
Verb/Adj + んです / から
Example
寝坊したんです = I overslept
How to ask “what happened?”
どうしたんですか? = What happened? / What’s wrong?
How to give reason for past action
Verb past plain + んです
Example
食べすぎたんです = The reason is I ate too much
How to ask permission with reasoning
〜てもいいですか? + 〜んです
Example
窓を開けてもいいですか?換気したいんです = Can I open the window? I want to ventilate
How to ask “how come?” casually
なんで〜の? (informal)
Example
なんで来なかったの? = How come you didn’t come?
How to respond casually
Verb plain + んだ / から
Example
忙しかったんだ = Because I was busy
How to explain feelings politely
Adj + んです
Example
嬉しいんです = The reason I’m happy is…
How to combine with か for question
Verb/Adj + んですか?
Example
見たんですか? = Did you see it? / Is that what happened?