Clinical gait exam 1

Sagittal ankle ROM IC

neutral/slight PF

Sagittal ankle ROM LR

5 degrees rapid PF

Sagittal ankle ROM MSt

DF to 5

Sagittal ankle ROM TSt

DF to 10, MTP ext. to 30

Sagittal ankle ROM pre swing

PF to 15. MTP ext. to 60

Sagittal ankle ROM ISw

moves to 5 PF

Sagittal ankle ROM MSw

DF to neutral

Sagittal ankle ROM TSw

neutral

Sagittal ankle external torque IC

PF

Sagittal ankle external torque LR

PF (decreases by the end)

Sagittal ankle external torque MSt

DF (decreases by end)

Sagittal ankle external torque TSt

Maximum DF

Sagittal ankle external torque pre swing

rapid decrease of DF

Sagittal ankle external torque ISw

low level PF

Sagittal ankle external torque MSw

low level PF

Sagittal ankle external torque TSw

low level PF

Sagittal ankle Muscle activity IC

dorsiflexors

Sagittal ankle Muscle activity LR

dorsiflexors eccentrically

Sagittal ankle Muscle activity MSt

gastrosoleus eccentrically

Sagittal ankle Muscle activity TSt

gastrosoleus eccentrically

Sagittal ankle Muscle activity pre swing

gastrosoleus activity rapidly decreases

Sagittal ankle Muscle activity ISw

dorsiflexors concentrically

Sagittal ankle Muscle activity MSw

dorsiflexors concentrically

Sagittal ankle Muscle activity TSw

dorsiflexors isometric

Sagittal ankle functional significance IC

foot positioned for LR

Sagittal ankle functional significance LR

heel rocker

Sagittal ankle functional significance MSt

ankle rocker

Sagittal ankle functional significance TSt

forefoot rocker (maximal forward progression)

Sagittal ankle functional significance pre swing

toe rocker (PF assists w/ KF)

Sagittal ankle functional significance ISw

foot clearance for limb advancement

Sagittal ankle functional significance MSw

foot clearance for limb advancement (1 cm toe clearance)

Sagittal ankle functional significance TSw

neutral position assures heel strike

Frontal plane ankle ROM 0-30%

from 2 inv. to 2-3 ev.

Frontal plane ankle ROM 30-60%

2-3 ev. to 4-6 inv.

Frontal plane ankle ROM 60-100%

return to slight inv. (2-3)

Frontal plane ankle TD 0-30%

eversion (decreases in MSt)

Frontal plane ankle TD 30-60%

decreasing ev., increasing inv.

Frontal plane ankle TD 60-100%

negligible

Frontal plane ankle MA 0-30%

ant. and post. tib eccentric

Frontal plane ankle MA 30-60%

post. tib., soleus, and fibularis (declines after 50%)

Frontal plane ankle MA 60-100%

df and inverters

Frontal plane ankle FS 0-30%

subtalar pronation helps absorb shock

Frontal plane ankle FS 30-60%

inv/supination provides rigid lever for push off

Frontal plane ankle FS 60-100%

prepare foot for initial contact

Sagittal knee ROM IC

0-5 flexion

Sagittal knee ROM LR

flexion to 20

Sagittal knee ROM MSt

extension to 0-5

Sagittal knee ROM TSt

maximal ext.

Sagittal knee ROM pre swing

rapid flexion to 40

Sagittal knee ROM ISw

flexion to 60

Sagittal knee ROM MSw

rapid ext. to 25 flex.

Sagittal knee ROM TSw

ext to 0-5 flex

Sagittal knee torque demand IC

extension

Sagittal knee torque demand LR

extension to flexion

Sagittal knee torque demand MSt

flexion to extension

Sagittal knee torque demand TSt

extension (peaks then decreases)

Sagittal knee torque demand pre swing

flexion due to PF interaction torque

Sagittal knee torque demand ISw

negligible

Sagittal knee torque demand MSw

extension

Sagittal knee torque demand TSw

extension decreases

Sagittal knee muscle activity IC

quads and hamstrings

Sagittal knee muscle activity LR

quads (eccentric), decreased hamstring

Sagittal knee muscle activity MSt

quads (initially) and gastrosoleus

Sagittal knee muscle activity TSt

gastrosoleus, short head biceps (in some people to prevent hyperextension)

Sagittal knee muscle activity pre swing

rectus femoris (in some people to restrict flexion), gracilis (minimal)

Sagittal knee muscle activity ISw

hamstrings, sartorius, gracilis (aided by hip flexion)

Sagittal knee muscle activity MSw

hamstrings (control ext.

Sagittal knee muscle activity TSw

quads ensure full ext., hamstrings control deceleration

Sagittal knee functional significance IC

stabilization for LR

Sagittal knee functional significance LR

shock absorption, limb stability and maintain forward progression

Sagittal knee functional significance MSt

knee stability maintained by exs. torque and gastrosoleus activity

Sagittal knee functional significance TSt

knee stability, fwd progression, trailing limb posture

Sagittal knee functional significance pre swing

get knee ready to assist w/ foot clearance

Sagittal knee functional significance ISw

foot clearance

Sagittal knee functional significance MSw

ext begins for step length

Sagittal knee functional significance TSw

optimized step length, prep for weight acceptance

frontal knee ROM stance:

2-3 abduction

frontal knee ROM swing

5 abduction

frontal knee torque demand stance:

adduction

frontal knee MA

quads and hams

frontal knee functional significance

stability during weight acceptance and single limb support

transverse knee ROM IC

2-3 ER

transverse knee ROM early stance

progressive IR

transverse knee ROM late stance and swing

return to ER

transverse knee torque demand stance

ir followed by er

transverse knee muscle activity

active/passive forces resist ext. torque

transverse knee functional significance

shock absorption and preparation for IC