Hazards

What is the GDP per capita of Haiti?

$343

How many people were affected by the Haiti 2010 earthquake?

3\.5 million

How many people died in the 2010 Haiti earthquake?

220,000

How many people became homeless following the 2010 Haiti earthquake?

1\.5 million

When was the earthquake in in Kobe, Japan?

1995

How many people died in the Kobe 1995 earthquake?

5000

What was the worst effected area of Kobe?

the centre

Why was the centre the worst affected area of Kobe?

Soil Liquefaction

How much did it cost to rebuild the basics following the Kobe earthquake?

£100 billion

What was the 2010 Icelandic volcanic eruption called?

Eyjafjallajokull

What exports did Eyjafjallajokull affect?

fish

How many people died because of Eyjafjallajokull in 2010?

0

Was there warning for Eyjafjallajokull 2010?

yes

How many farmers were evacuated from Eyajafjallajokull?

500

How many times has Kilauea erupted since 1952?

34

For how many years has Kilauea been continuously erupting?

18

Where is Kilauea?

Hawaii

Where is Mount Pinatubo?

The Philippines

How many people were killed by Mount Pinatubo in 1991?

847

How many people were evacuated from Mount Pinatubo in 1991?

75,000

How many people’s lives were saved by the predicition of the Mount Pinatubo volcano in 1991?

20,000

What other hazard accompanied the Mount Etna 2002 volcano?

earthquakes

What was used to redirect lava flows in Mount Etna?

Earth dams

What year was the Boxing day tsunami?

2004

How many people died because of the 2004 tsunami?

250,000

How much aid was immediately given following 2004 tsunami?

$7 billion

What did the 2004 tsunami cause the spread of?

disease

What was set up following the Boxing day tsunami?

tsunami early warning systems

How many people died in the California 2003 earthquake?

3

What was the magnitude of the California 2003 earthquake?

6\.5

What is the thickest layer of the earth?

mantle

Which is denser, basalt or granite?

basalt

What is the more fluid upper layer of the mantle called?

asthenosphere

What two types of heat have formed the earth’s core?

primordial and radiogenic

A fossil of what animal was found in both South America and southern Africa?

mesosaurus

What ridge showed sea floor spreading?

mid atlantic ridge

What is formed when plates move apart and and an area of crust drops down?

rift valley

What is subducted when oceanic and continental plates meet?

oceanic

What does downwarping of the oceanic plate when it is subducted form?

deep sea trenches

What forms on the boundary of 2 oceanic plates?

island arc

What forms when 2 continental plates move together?

young fold mountains

What causes the most deaths from volcanoes?

pyroclastic flows

What is the runniest type of lava?

basalt

What is the most viscous type of lava?

rhyolite

What type of volcano is created by hot spots?

shield

What land form does a hot spot create?

island chain

What type of fault causes rifting?

normal

What is a highly eroded ancient area of continental crust called?

sheild area

Seismic zone where friction is created between colliding tectonic plates

Benioff zone

What scales are earthquakes measured on

Richter and Mercalli

What is the fastest type of seismic wave?

P waves

How many people were killed by earthquakes in the 1900s?

1\.5 million

What percentage of tsunamis happen in the Pacific ocean?

90%

What is the average lifespan of a tropical storm?

7-14 days

How many tropical storms are there a year?

100

How deep does the ocean have to be for tropical storms to form?

70m

How warm does air have to be for a tropical storm to form?

27 degrees

What scale is the intensity of tropical storms measured on?

Saffir-Simpson

Since 1990, what percentage of tsunamis have been caused by earthquakes?

80%

How many people died because of outgassing at Lake Nyos, Cameroon?

1700

What country has a strategy of risk sharing through insurance investment in place?

New Zealand

How much has the annual area burnt by wildfires decreased in the last 2 decades?

24%

Name a place where extinguishing wildfires has done more harm than good

Jasper, Alberta

What is destroying the forests in Jasper, Alberta?

Mountain pine beetle

Name a mutli- hazard environment

the Philippines

What type of boundary is the Philippines on?

convergent

What percentage of the population of the Philippines is in poverty?

25%

How many active volcanoes does the Philippines have (multi-hazard environment)?

22

On average, how many typhoons does the Philipines have annually (multi-hazard environment)?

15

In 3 months of 2013, how many people in the Philippines died from natural disasters (multi-hazard environment)?

6500

When was the worst Australian wildfire in recent years?

2019

How many animals died in the 2019 Australian wildfire?

1 billion

What year was Australia’s hottest and driest on record?

2019

What type of boundary is the San Andreas fault?

conservative

What percentage of Australians were affected by the 2019 bushfires?

80%

When did the worst tsunami that hit the Philippines (multi-hazard environment)?

1976

How many significant earthquakes are there in California every year?

3

How many tsunamis have been recorded in California?

80

How many countries were hit by the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami?

14

What was the earthquake that caused the Boxing day tsunami on the Mercalli scale?

9

How many people didn’t have cars to leave New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina?

100,000

How much of New Orleans was covered by flood water after Hurricane Katrina?

80%

Where did Cyclone Winston hit?

Fiji

When did Cyclone Winston hit Fiji?

2016

What percentage of Fiji’s population were seriously affected by Cyclone Winston?

40%

How many schools were destroyed by Cyclone Winston?

225

What percentage of people in the Philippines live in informal housing?

45%

Give an example of a volcano that caused lahars

Nevado del Ruiz

Where is Nevado del Ruiz?

Colombia

How many people died because of lahars at Nevado del Ruiz (1985)?

23,000

How many fires were caused by Kobe, 1995? (secondary hazards)

300

Where was an earthquake caused by the building of a dam (quasi-natural)?

Killari, India

How many people died because of the quasi-natural earthquake in Killari?

10,000

How many times longer is the average wildfire lasting compared to the 1980s?

5 times

How many people were evacuated from the 2016 Alberta wildfire?

88,000

How many died in a cholera outbreak after the Haiti 2010 earthquake?

8000

How many soldiers did the US deploy to help in Haiti following the 2010 earthquake?

3,500

What percentage of Haitians lacked electricity 4 years after the 2010 earthquake?

70%

How many natural disasters has the Philippines experienced in the last 2 decades?

300

What percentage of the original output did Kobe produce 2 years after the earthquake (rapid recovery)?

96%