Colonialism

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)?

An agreement that split the Western Hemisphere between Portugal and Spain.

Which empire was conquered by Hernan Cortes?

The Aztec Empire.

What was Tenochtitlan?

The capital city of the Aztec Empire, known for its advanced urbanization.

Who was Montezuma II?

The leader of the Aztecs who met with Hernan Cortes.

How did the Spanish initially gain the upper hand in their conquest of the Aztecs?

Cortes imprisoned Montezuma II and helped form a coalition to attack Tenochtitlan.

What percentage of the native population died due to disease after 30 years of European contact?

70% of the native population.

What were the main agricultural pursuits that generated colonial wealth for the Spanish in the Americas?

Gold and silver mining, cattle ranching, and sugar cultivation.

What was the Encomienda system?

A system where land was entrusted to Spanish representatives, relying on indigenous populations for labor.

What is the Triangle Trade?

The trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, involving goods, slaves, and resources.

What were indentured servants?

Individuals who agreed to work for a specified period in exchange for passage to a new country or debt repayment.

What economic theory emphasizes expanding resources at the expense of other nations?

Mercantilism.

How long was the journey across the Atlantic for slaves captured in Africa?

6-10 weeks.

What was the mortality rate during the Middle Passage for captured slaves?

Approximately 60% of captured slaves died during the journey.

What was the First Maroon War?

A rebellion in Jamaica from 1660-1739 where enslaved individuals fought against British colonial rule.

Who was David Hume?

An empiricist Scottish philosopher who argued that human passions govern behavior.