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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF PARENCHYMA CELLS
MANY; OFTEN SPECIALIZED
MOST METABOLIC PROCESSES (PHOTOSYNTHESIS, STORAGE, SECRETION, FOOD STORAGE)
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF PARENCHYMA CELLS
A TYPE OF GROUND TISSUE (WHEN IN STEMS AND ROOTS)
USUALLY LACK A SECONDARY WALL
CAN OFTEN DIVIDE AND DIFFERIENTIATE AT MATURITY
EXAMPLES OF PARENCHYMA CELLS
FRUIT FLESH
ENDOSPERM
PITH & CORTEX OF STEMS AND ROOTS
CHLOROPLAST-LADEN CELLS INSIDE LEAVES
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF COLLENCHYMA CELLS
SUPPORT ESPECIALLY YOUNG AND GROWING ORGANS
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF COLLENCHYMA CELLS
A TYPE OF GROUND TISSUE
THICK, UNEVEN PRIMARY WALL
NO SECONDARY WALL
ALWAYS OCCURS JUST BELOW EPIDERMIS
OFTEN OCCUR IN STRANDS
ALIVE MAT MATURITY, CAN ELONGATE
WHAT ARE THE EXAMPLES OF COLLENCHYMA CELLS
CELERY LEAF MIDRIB
PETIOLE
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF SCLERNCHYMA CELLS
SUPPOT & PROTECTION OF TISSUES NO LONGER ELONGATING
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF SCLERNCHYMA CELLS
A TYPE OF GROUND TISSUE
THICK SECONDARY WALL WITH LIGNIN (A RIGID POLYMER)
CANNOT ELONGATE AT MATURITY (MAY BE DEAD)
2 FORMS: FIBERS & SCLEREIDS
WHAT ARE THE EXAMPLES OF SCLERNCHYMA CELLS
BURLAP
HEMP
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF TRACHEIDS AND VESSLE ELEMENTS (WATER-CONDUCTING CELLS)
SUPPOR AND SUPPLY OF WATER AND MINERALS
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF TRACHEIDS AND VESSLE ELEMENTS (WATER-CONDUCTING CELLS)
TYPES OF VASCULAR TISSUE
DEAD AT MATURITY (BUT TOTALLY FUNCTIONAL)
SECONDARY WALL LIGNIFIED, OFTEN SPIRAL
TRACHEIDS ARE MORE NARROW & TAPERED
VESSEL ELEMENTS ARE WIDER
XYLEM TISSUE: WHAT ARE PITS
HIDES IN SECONDARY WALL WHERE ONLY PRIMARY WALL REMAINS.
ALLOW WATER PASSAGE
IN BOTH TRACHEIDS AND VESSLE ELEMENTS
WHAT IS LIGNIN?
CLASS OF COMPLEX ORGANIC POLYMERS
DEPOSITED IN CELL WALLS; FILLS SPACES AND BINDS CELLULOSE, HEMICELLULOSE AND PECTIN
GIVES STRENGTH TO WOOD AND BARK
CAN OCCUR IN CELL WALLS OF NON-WOODY PLANTS (PALM TREES, BAMBOO)
HUMAN USES FOR LIGNIN
WOOD: LIGNIN IS 20-33% OF IT BY DRY WEIGHT
ROPE, CLOTHING
PAPER (LIGNIN REMOVED TO LEAVE CELLULOSE
ARTIFICAL VANILLA THIS IS AN ARTIFICAL LIGNIN
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF SIEVE TUBE ELEMENTS (SUGAR-CONDUCTING CELLS OF THE PHLOEM)
TRANSPORT SUGARS ESPECIALLY SUCROSE, OTHER ORGAIC COMPOUNDS, SOME MINERALS
WHAT ARE THE FEAUTURES OF SIEVE TUBE ELEMENTS (SUGAR-CONDUCTING CELLS OF THE PHLOEM)
A TYPE OF VASCULAR TISSUE
ALIVE AT MATURITY (IN CONTRAST WITH THE TRACHEIDS AND VESSLE ELEMENTS)
WITH COMPANION CELL (PARENCHYMA)
WHAT ARE MERISTEMS
ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ALL PARTS OF THE MATURE SPOROPHYTE
UNDIFFERIENTIATED
RETAIN “FOREVER” THE ABILITY TO DIVIDE
TYPES AND LOCATIONS OF MERISTEMS
APICAL MERISTEMS (AM)
ROOT AM AND SHOOT AM
PRIMARY GROWTH
LATERAL MERISTEMS
VASCULAR CAMBIUM & CORK CAMBIUM
SECONDARY GROWTH
APICAL MERISTEM
SOURCE OF ALL PRIMARY GROWTH OF BOTH ROOT AND SHOOT
MAKES 3 OTHER MERISTEMS
PROTODERM: DERMAL TISSUE
PROCAMBIUM: VASCULAR TISSUE
GROUND MERISTEM: GROUND TISSUE
WHERE ARE THE YOUNGEST TISSUES LOCATED
AT THE SHOOT TIP
WHAT ARE THE 3 ZONES OF ROOT GROWTH
ZONE OD CELL DIFFERIENTIATION (MATURATION)
ZONE OF ELONGATION
ZONE OF CELL DIVISION
THE POSITION OF THE 3 PRIMARY MERISTEMS MADE BY THE AM FROM THE EPIDERMIS TO THE ROOT CAP
PROTODERM
GROUND MERISTEM
PROCAMBIUM
AM
WHAT IS A PERICYCLE
A LAYER OF CELLS IN PLANT ROOTS AND STEMS THAT SURROUNDS VASCULAR TISSUE
IT GIVES RISE TO ANY BRANCHING ROOT
WHAT IS THE ENDODERMIS
THE INNERMOST LAYER OF CORTEX IN YOUNG ROOTS
WJHAT ARE STELE ORVASCULAR CYLINDAR?
IS ALL CELLS INSIDE ENDODERMIS; ARISE FROM PROCAMBIUM IN YOUNG ROOTS
DESCRIBE LATERAL ROOT
ORIGINATES IN PERICYCLE (POUTERMOST LAYER OF VASCULAR CYLINDAR)
GROWS OUT THROUGH CORTEX AND EPIDERMIS
STRUCTURE OF PRIMARY (NON WOODY) ROOTS
ROOT CAP - PROTECTS
ROOT HAIRS - EPIDERMAL CELLS, INCREASE ABSORPTION RATES
ENDODERMIS - INNERMOST LAYER OF CORTEX; SURROUNDS THE VASCULAR CYLINDAR
VASCULAR CYLINDAR (STELE) - CENTER OF THE ROOR; CONTAINS VASCULAR TISSUES (XYLEM AND PHLOEM) AND SOME GROUND TISSUE
PERICYCLE - BETWEEN VASCULAR CYLINDAR AND ENDODERMIS; ORIGIN OF LATERAL ROOTS.
