Nomenclature 6 (Alkanes)

Methane

CH₄

Ethane

C₂H₆

Propane

C₃H₈

Butane

C₄H₁₀

Pentane

C₅H₁₂

Hexane

C₆H₁₄

Heptane

C₇H₁₆

Octane

C₈H₁₈

Nonane

C₉H₂₀

Decane

C₁₀H₂₂

Methyl-

CH₃

Ethyl-

C₂H₅

Amino-

NH₂

Fluoro-

F

Chloro-

Cl

Bromo-

Br

Iodo

I

Nitro-

NO₂

Organic Chemistry

the chemistry of carbon containing compounds

Hydrocarbon

an organic compound that contains hydrogen and carbon

Alkane

a hydrocarbon contains only single bonds

Straight Chained Alkane

a hydrocarbon with no branches

Cycloalkane

alkane that contains a ring (closed shape)

Saturated

contains max # of hydrogen and carbon (CnH₂n₊₂)

Degree of Unsaturation

index of hydrogen deficiency

1 degree of Unsaturation

CnH₂n

2 degree of Unsaturation

CnH₂n₋₂

3 degree of Unsaturation

CnH₂n₋4

Naming Alkanes: find and name the longest...

carbon chain

Naming Alkanes: # the chain consecutively starting at the end closest to the...

substituent group (branch)

Naming Alkanes: Use #ed chain to label branches, in what order?

alphabetically (Example; 5, bromo, 3 ,iodopentane)

Naming Alkanes: use prefixes to...

indicate number of substituent (Example; 3,5, dibromopentane)

Naming Cycloalkanes: find cycloalkane (closed shape) and use that as...

root name

Naming Cycloalkanes: in a cycloalkane with only one branch the location is...

unnecessary (Ex; bromocyclobutane)

Naming Cycloalkanes: if two substituents are attached to the cycloalkane then they are listed in...

alphabetical order

Naming Cycloalkanes: when numbering the cycloalkane, start with the substituents first in the alphabet and the more clockwise or counter-clockwise so that the next possible substituent...

is the lowest number

Naming Cycloalkanes: list substituents in alphabetical order, using number system to name cycloalkanes

Ex. 1, 2 dichloro, 3, iodocyclopropane