145 Philosophy Terms

According to Aquinas, which of the following would be an example of an essential truth?

Right angles are 90 degrees

Which of the following is NOT true of Thomas Aquinas?

He was a Lutheran monk

According to Aquinas, essential truths can change.

False

According to Aquinas, as the good is what the appetite seeks, so the truth is what the intellect seeks.

Intellect

According to Aquinas, with which other metaphysical entity is truth fundamentally tied?

Existence

A priori
A posteriori
A fortiori

Judgements made from pure reason
Judgements made by physical evidence
A stronger therefore; 'from the stronger'

Which of the following describes the Scholastics?

A group of scholars/theologians who sought to support Christianity through rules of logic and argumentation.

Which of the following is NOT one of the problems that Aquinas addresses in the question, "Is God Truth?"

Truth exists in numbers, and God is only One

According to Aquinas, which of the following would be an example of an accidental truth?

Mrs. Martin is sitting in her desk

Which of the following describes Metaphysics?

The study of reality/existence

What is wrong with absolute relativism?

It is contradictory in nature

Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of absolute relativism?

It creates a space for mutual understanding.

Complete the following analogy made my Aquinas.

Truth: true things

Time : temporal things

Initially, the Prisoner who escapes from the cave thinks the shadows are more real than the earth outside the cave.

True

Which of the following best describes the feelings of the Prisoner who has escaped towards the prisoners who are still stuck in the cave?

He pities their lack of knowledge of the truth about reality.

Which of the following is NOT true about Plato?

He founded the Lyceum.

What type of bug did Socrates refer to himself as?

gadfly

What Greek city is Socrates from?

Athens

According to Plato, which of the following best describes the process of coming to know the Forms?

It is uncomfortable at first, but eventually it is an enlightening, peaceful experience.

Plato's Allegory of the Cave could be used to represent all of the following EXCEPT...

The ascent from the Forms to Heaven.

Which of the following is NOT one of the attributes of abstract objects?

They are in the mind.

Socrates was the first philosopher.

False

Socrates is the student of Plato.

False

Which of the following names were given to Aristotle's students?

Peripatetics

Where did Aristotle study as a teenager?

Athens

Who is Aristotle in this image?

The man with the blue robe and brown undergarments.

Check all of the following attributes Aristotle gives to the Unmoved Mover. (Hint: there are three).

Eternal
Unchangeable
Good

Which of the following is NOT included in Aristotle's three kinds of substance?

Formable

What is the primary study of Aristotle's Metaphysics?

Substance

Aristotle is a student of Plato.

True

Which of the following is NOT true about Maimonides, Aristotle and circular motion?

Maimonides thought that locomotion was the source of quality change.

According to Aristotle, where does change come from?

Contraries

To whom was Aristotle a tutor?

Alexander the Great

Aristotle would consider the Forms to be which kind of substance?

Immovable

Which of the following best explains the difference between the Heavenly Bodies and the Unmoved Mover?

They are both eternal, but the Unmoved Mover never had a beginning, whereas the Heavenly Bodies did.

According to Maimonides, genesis and destruction is change in....

Substance

Aristotle would consider the 'Heavenly Bodies' to be which kind of substance?

Sensible

Which of the following best describes how humans sees the world according to Maimonides?

There is more evil than good and we (humans) are at the center.

According to Plato, the prisoners in the cave know the truth of reality.

False

Which of the following would NOT fit into one of Maimonides' 3 kinds of evil?

Blasphemy, impiety, sacrilege.

Which of the following best describes the philosophical time period that Maimonides wrote?

Medieval Philosophy

According to Maimonides, which of the following best describes the primary source of all evil?

Ignorance

From which of the following religious backgrounds is the philosopher Maimonides?

Judaism

Which of the following best describes the consequences of committing an evil, according to Maimonides?

Bodily change and desire for excess.

Maimonides points to the accessibility of air, water, and food to show that the more necessary a thing is, the more BLANK it is to obtain, and the less necessary a thing is, the more BLANK it is to obtain

Easy, difficult

What does Averroes think about truth discovered outside the religious context?

It useful regardless of the context.

According to Averroes, religion invented reasoning.

False

Which of the following is NOT true of Averroes?

He was a famous Jewish thinker of the 12th century.

Averroes said, "For the knowledge of creation leads to the cognizance of the Creator, through the knowledge of the created. The more perfect becomes the knowledge of creation, the more perfect becomes the knowledge of the Creator" (1064).

to be guided towards God.

Immanuel Kant accuses Anselm of using 'being' as the predicate of his proposition on God.

Predicate

Which of the following metaphysical concepts does the Ontological Argument focus on?

Existence

Which of the following is an example of a tautology?

I either will eat a cookie or I will not.

Which of the following statements about Anselm of Canterbury is NOT true?

He wrote the original Cosmological Argument.

A priori knowledge is to BLANK propositions as a posteriori knowledge is to BLANK propositions.

Analytic, synthetic

Which of the following is NOT a definition of an Ontological Argument?

One that argues for the existence of God based on the state of the universe.

According to Immanuel Kant, 'being' should only be the copula of the proposition.

Copula

Which of the following satisfies the criterion for impossibility of analytic propositions?

Contradictory subject and predicate

Anselm writes in the 3rd person throughout his work the Proslogion.

False

According to Immanuel Kant, God's existence must be an analytic proposition in order to be valid.

False

To what objection to the question, "Is God's existence provable?" does Aquinas give the response that we do not need to know all the effects of God in order to say that his existence is provable?

God is infinite, and his effects are finite

Which of the following of Aquinas' 5 Proofs for the existence of God is most similar to Anselm's Ontological argument?

Argument from degrees

According to Thomas Aquinas, natural knowledge comes before faith.

True

Which of the following of Aquinas' 5 Proofs for the existence of God is most related to Aristotle's?

Argument from motion

Which of the following best describes how Aquinas responds to the objection that the existence of God is NOT provable since God's existence is an article of faith?

Aquinas says that things like God's existence are prerequisites to beliefs on faith.

Match the following examples with one of Aquinas' 5 Proofs for the existence of God.

Argument from motion
Argument from efficient cause
Argument from actuality
Argument from degrees
Argument from order
MEADO(W)

To what objection to the question, "Is God's existence provable?" does Aquinas give the response that defining what exists is secondary to proving whether or not it exists?

We can only know what God is not.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three alternatives CS Lewis gives for the person of Jesus Christ?

A moral teacher

According to CS Lewis, what was the 'sin of Satan'?

Wanting to be God.

According to CS Lewis, which of the following was NOT one of the 4 things that God gave people to guide them?

A mother named Mary

Which of the following is a bizarre claim that Jesus Christ made, according to CS Lewis?

All of the these

What is the god's sentence of rolling a boulder up a mountain for all eternity meant to represent?

Meaningless labor

Which of the following describes the difference between existentialism and nihilism?

Existentialism says we can create our own meaning to life; nihilism says there is no meaning to life.

According to Camus, when is the fate of Sisyphus tragic?

Both on his descent down the mountain and when he is conscious of his fate.

Which of the following is NOT true about Sisyphus?

He had a deep respect for the gods

Camus considers Sisyphus to be victorious.

True

Which of the following best describes the time period of Albert Camus' writings?

Modern Philosophy

Which of the following best describes existentialism's definition of the absurd?

The human tendency to search for meaning and the incapacity to find meaning with certainty.

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways Nietzsche has influenced the modern world?

Pioneering modern psychology.

Which of the following does Nietzsche use as evidential support for his theory that power is the source of all change?

Biology

Which of the following best describes Nietzsche's view of humanity?

Humanity is the new God.

Which of the following was NOT a part of Nietzsche's education?

He went to Catholic school.

According to Nietzsche's The Gay Science, who killed God?

Humans

In Nietzsche's parable, did everyone know that God is dead?

No, the madman was a prophet that came too early.

According to Nietzsche, the will to power BLANK the laws of physics.

Transcends

Which of the following best describes Nietzsche's attitude towards rights?

They are social constructs and inhibit the natural course of power.

Which of the following is one of Nietzsche's titles in contemporary philosophy?

The Philosopher of the Hammer; smashing false gods and old ideologies for the sake of progress.

Match the following characters from Plato's Theaetetus with their descriptions.

Euclid
Terpsion
Theodorus
Theaetetus
Socrates
ETTTS

Match the following epistemological terms with their definitions.

Assertion
Truth value
Proposition
Justification
ATPJ

Put each of the following definitions of knowledge in chronological order for which they are evaluated in Plato's Theaetetus.

Knowledge is subject matters.
Knowledge is perception.
Knowledge is right opinion.
Knowledge is right opinion with an account.

Which of the following is NOT a part of Socrates' notion of an opinion?

It is public.

What physical concept does Socrates use to theorize how memory might work?

A block of wax

According to Socrates, one may possess knowledge, but they may not have it.

True

The idea that 'everything is in flux' is attributed to which philosopher?

Heracleitus

According to Socrates and Theaetetus' conclusions, where do perceptions happen?

The soul

According to Socrates, it is impossible to have right opinion with an explanation and not have knowledge.

False

According to Socrates, it is impossible to have right opinion with an explanation and not have knowledge.

True

Socrates maintains that man is the measure of all things

False

How does Socrates describe the difference between having and possessing knowledge?

Having knowledge is having it in the forefront of the mind; possessing knowledge is having it somewhere in storage.

Which of the following best describes the purpose for which Socrates uses the parable of Thales?

To demonstrate the wonder philosophers have for the world around them.

Where does Socrates' midwife analogy fall short?

Both Socrates can help discern a true birth from a false birth, and Socrates is barren yet, he is still a midwife.