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What is philosophy NOT?

A set of beliefs that are hard to prove.

What did Plato and Aristotle believe about the beginning of philosophy?

Philosophy begins in wonder.

What did Plato and Aristotle want to understand?

The nature of everything.

What may common sense tell us?

That we have free will, and know the difference between right and wrong.

What does philosophy seek to find out about ideas?

Which ideas have rational justification through arguments, and which are just beliefs or prejudices.

What is common sense knowledge?

Things we really know because they are obvious (i.e., the earth exists).

What is common sense belief?

Things we believe because they feel natural, but could still be false (i.e., God?).

What did Copernicus explain about motion?

That motion is perspectival.

What is conceptual engineering?

The study of the structure of thought.

What is metaphysics?

The study of reality.

What is epistemology?

The study of knowledge.

What does 'subjective' mean?

Opinions.

What does 'objective' mean?

Facts.

What are the three main philosophical methods?

Arguments, critical reflection, thought experiments.

What are arguments in philosophy?

Lines used to prove a point.

What is critical reflection in philosophy?

The idea that philosophy is a critical approach to all subjects, including philosophy itself.

What are thought experiments?

What-if questions used to test assumptions.

What did Plato found, and what was its focus?

The Academy, which focused on general foundational questions.

What did Isocrates found, and what was its focus?

The School of Isocrates, which focused on high-level practical education for lawyers and politicians.

How does philosophy relate to other disciplines?

It helps areas branch out and form their own disciplines (i.e., math and science).