Introduction to the Physiology of Strength Training

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the physiology of strength training, including muscle types, mechanisms of hypertrophy, hormonal responses, and the importance of recovery.

Type I Fibers

Slow-twitch muscle fibers characterized by high endurance and lower force output, primarily used for aerobic activities.

Type II Fibers

Fast-twitch muscle fibers that provide higher force output but fatigue quickly, important for strength and explosive movements.

Motor Unit

A motor unit consists of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates.

Size Principle

The concept that smaller motor units are recruited first before larger motor units as exercise intensity increases.

Concentric Contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle shortens while producing force.

Eccentric Contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens while producing force.

Isometric Contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle generates force without changing its length.

ATP Resynthesis

The process of regenerating ATP, vital for muscle contractions, primarily through creatine phosphate and glycogen stores.

Myofibrillar Hypertrophy

Increase in the number and size of myofibrils, enhancing muscle force production.

Sarcoplasmic Hypertrophy

Increase in the volume of sarcoplasm, which improves endurance capacity.

Protein Synthesis

The process activated by strength training that rebuilds muscle fibers through mechanical tension.

Net Protein Balance

The overall balance between muscle protein synthesis and breakdown; necessary for muscle growth.

Testosterone

A hormone that stimulates muscle protein synthesis and is particularly important for hypertrophy.

Progressive Overload

The gradual increase in stress placed on the body during training to stimulate physiological adaptations.

Recovery

The process requiring adequate rest and nutrition for muscles to repair and grow stronger.