APUSH UNIT FOUR
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What is the significance of the Louisiana Purchase?
The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States and provided land for westward expansion.
Who negotiated the Louisiana Purchase?
President Thomas Jefferson.
What year was the Louisiana Purchase made?
What was the main purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
To explore the newly acquired western territory and find a route to the Pacific Ocean.
Who were the leaders of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.
What was the Embargo Act of 1807?
A law that prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports.
What were the effects of the Embargo Act of 1807?
Economic downturn in the U.S. and increased tensions with Britain.
What was the War of 1812 primarily about?
Issues related to trade restrictions and impressment of American sailors by the British.
What were the outcomes of the War of 1812?
Nationalism increased, and the Federalist Party weakened.
What is the concept of Manifest Destiny?
The belief that it was America's divine right to expand across the continent.
What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 accomplish?
It maintained the balance between free and slave states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
What was the Nullification Crisis?
A confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government over tariff laws.
Who was the leading figure of the Nullification Crisis?
John C. Calhoun.
What was the outcome of the Nullification Crisis?
Compromise reached, but it underscored sectional tensions.
What is the significance of the Monroe Doctrine?
It warned European nations against colonization in the Americas and asserted US dominance in the Western Hemisphere.
What year was the Monroe Doctrine proclaimed?
What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
Authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River.
What was the Trail of Tears?
The forced removal of the Cherokee Nation, resulting in the death of thousands.
Who was the president during the Indian Removal Act?
Andrew Jackson.
What was the impact of the Second Great Awakening?
It sparked social reforms, including abolitionism, women's rights, and temperance.
What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention?
It marked the beginning of the women's rights movement in the US.
Who were key figures in the Seneca Falls Convention?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.
What is the main idea of abolitionism?
The movement to end slavery in the United States.
Who was Frederick Douglass?
An escaped slave who became a prominent abolitionist and orator.
What is the significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin"?
It depicted the harsh realities of slavery and fueled abolitionist sentiments.
Who was the leading African American woman in the abolitionist movement?
Sojourner Truth.
What was the significance of the Dred Scott decision?
The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans could not be citizens and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in territories.
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?
It created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed for popular sovereignty on the issue of slavery.
What was 'Bleeding Kansas'?
A series of violent political confrontations in Kansas over the issue of slavery.
What was the significance of the Supreme Court decision in McCulloch v. Maryland?
It established federal supremacy over state laws and upheld the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States.
What is the Gibbons v. Ogden decision known for?
It expanded the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.
What did the Whig Party advocate for?
A strong federal government and economic modernization.
Who were notable figures in the founding of the Republican Party?
Anti-slavery Whigs, Free Soilers, and abolitionists.
What does the term 'Sectionalism' refer to?
Loyalty to a region or section of the country over the whole country.
What were the effects of the American System proposed by Henry Clay?
Promoted economic growth through infrastructure development, a national bank, and tariffs.
What role did Eli Whitney play in the Industrial Revolution?
He invented the cotton gin, which revolutionized the cotton industry.
What is the significance of the Erie Canal?
It connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean and boosted trade and transportation in the U.S.
What was the panic of 1837?
A major economic crisis marked by bank failures, unemployment, and a significant downturn in the economy.
Who was president during the Panic of 1837?
Martin Van Buren.
What was the significance of the Supreme Court case Worcester v. Georgia?
It ruled that states could not impose laws on Native American lands, but the federal government did not enforce it.
What does 'popular sovereignty' mean in the context of pre-Civil War America?
The idea that the settlers of a territory should determine if slavery would be allowed.
What was the Compromise of 1850?
A series of laws aimed at resolving tensions between slave and free states, including the Fugitive Slave Act.
What was the Fugitive Slave Act?
A law that allowed for the capture and return of runaway slaves in the North.
What is the significance of the Lincoln-Douglas debates?
They highlighted the issue of slavery in the territories during the 1858 Illinois Senate race.
Who won the election of 1860?
Abraham Lincoln.
What was the immediate effect of Lincoln's election in 1860?
The secession of several Southern states from the Union.
What was the Confederate States of America?
A government established by the Southern states that seceded from the Union.
What battle is considered the first battle of the Civil War?
The Battle of Fort Sumter.
What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?
It declared the freedom of all enslaved people in Confederate states.
What was the main goal of the Union during the Civil War?
To preserve the Union.
Who were the key generals of the Union army?
Ulysses S. Grant, George McClellan, and William Tecumseh Sherman.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg?
It was a turning point in the Civil War, resulting in a major defeat for the Confederacy.
What was the significance of the Gettysburg Address?
It reiterated the principles of liberty and equality and emphasized the purpose of fighting the Civil War.
What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?
It abolished slavery in the United States.
What did the 14th Amendment guarantee?
Equal protection under the law for all citizens.
What did the 15th Amendment secure?
Voting rights regardless of race.
What was Reconstruction?
The period following the Civil War aimed at rebuilding the South and integrating freed slaves into society.
What were Black Codes?
Laws passed in the South to restrict the rights of freed African Americans.
What was the significance of the Freedmen's Bureau?
It was established to aid freed slaves and poor whites in the South after the Civil War.
Who were the Radical Republicans?
A faction of American politicians who advocated for civil rights and harsher measures against the South during Reconstruction.
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 aim to do?
It aimed to protect the rights of African Americans and counter Black Codes.
What was the significance of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson?
It was a political struggle over Reconstruction policies and the balance of power between Congress and the presidency.
The purchase of a vast territory in 1803 that doubled the size of the United States is known as the __________ Purchase.
Louisiana
The primary goal of the Lewis and Clark expedition was to find a route to the __________ Ocean.
Pacific
The law that prohibited American ships from trading with foreign ports in 1807 was called the __________ Act.
Embargo
The War of 1812 was largely caused by issues related to trade restrictions and __________ of American sailors.
impressment
The belief that it was America's divine right to expand across the continent is known as __________ Destiny.
Manifest
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 admitted Missouri as a slave state and __________ as a free state.
Maine
John C. Calhoun was a key figure in the __________ Crisis, which focused on tariff laws.
Nullification
The Monroe Doctrine warned European nations against __________ in the Americas.
colonization
The forced relocation of Native American tribes was authorized by the Indian __________ Act of 1830.
Removal
The significant economic downturn in 1837 is referred to as the Panic of __________.
1837
The __________ slavery lawsuit ruled that African Americans could not be citizens and Congress couldn't prohibit slavery in territories.
Dred Scott
_____________ was known for its series of violent political confrontations over slavery in Kansas.
Bleeding Kansas
The Compromise of 1850 included the controversial __________ Slave Act.
Fugitive
The __________ Proclamation declared the freedom of all enslaved people in Confederate states.
Emancipation
The major Union victories at __________ were considered turning points in the Civil War.
Gettysburg
The 13th Amendment abolished __________ in the United States.
slavery
The __________ Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law for all citizens.
14th
The first battle of the Civil War took place at __________.
Fort Sumter
The political faction advocating for civil rights during Reconstruction were known as __________ Republicans.
Radical
The primary purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau was to assist __________ and the poor in the South after the Civil War.
freed slaves
The __________ refers to the period aimed at rebuilding the South and integrating freed slaves into society after the Civil War.
Reconstruction
What was the significance of the War of 1812?
It reinforced American nationalism and highlighted the need for a stronger military.
Who were the major parties involved in the War of 1812?
The United States and Great Britain.
What did the convention of 1818 accomplish?
It established the U.S.-Canada border at the 49th parallel.
What was established by the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819?
The U.S. acquired Florida from Spain.
What economic system emerged in America during the Market Revolution?
Capitalism.
What was the main outcome of the Second Bank of the United States?
It stabilized the economy by regulating currency and credit.
What was the significance of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?
It temporarily resolved sectional conflict over slavery.
What two states were created as a result of the Missouri Compromise?
Missouri and Maine.
What did the American System promote?
Economic development through infrastructure, tariffs, and a national bank.
Who was a prominent supporter of the American System?
Henry Clay.
What role did the Erie Canal play in economic growth?
It facilitated trade and transportation between the East and Midwest.
What was the result of the Supreme Court case Gibbons v. Ogden?
It affirmed federal control over interstate commerce.
What was the significance of the Monroe Doctrine?
It established a U.S. foreign policy of opposing European intervention in the Americas.
What was the purpose of the Nullification Theory?
To justify states' rights to nullify federal laws.
Who created the Nullification Theory?
John C. Calhoun.
What was the impact of the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
It led to the forced relocation of Native American tribes.
What was the primary objective of the Second Great Awakening?
To revive religious fervor and promote social reforms.