Bio Principles Lab Exam 2

Abundance

Number of individuals of a species in a given area

Accuracy is determined by

• # of samples taken

• sample collection method

• proportion of total population sampled

Density

Number of individuals in a given area or volume

Animal

Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryote

Kingdom Animalia

All multicellular and no cell well

Phylum Cnidaria

Radially symmetrical phylum with polyps and Medusa in the form of jellyfish and coral

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Flatworms with the three germ layers and an acoelomate with many hermaphrodites

3 types of flatworms

• Planarians

• Cestodes

• Trematodes

Phylum Nematoda

Roundworms who are pseudocoelomate

• free living or parasitic

Phylum Annelida

The segmented worms

• more complex specialized head structures

• Closed circulatory system

Examples of annelida

Earthworms and leeches

Phylum Mollusca

The shellfish with 3 main body regions

• Head-foot

• Visceral mass

• Mantle

3 classes of mollusca

• Gastropoda

• Bivalvia

• Cephalopoda

Phylum Arthropoda

Most numerous phyla with jointed foot characterized by an exoskeleton

Subphylum chelicerata

Terrestrial arthropods with no antennae or mandibles, but fang-like chelicerae

• They have a cephalothorax and abdomen

Subphylum Crustacea

They have jaw-like mandibles, two pairs of antennae, and biramous appendages

• Cephalothorax with saddle like carapace

• segmented abdomen

Phylum Echinodermata

Marine animals with plates forming and exoskeleton that have spines

• tube feet in a water vascular system for movement

Examples of echinodermata

Sea urchins, starfish, and cucumbers

Echinodermata symmetry

• Larva are bilateral

• Adults are radial

Phylum Chordata

• Notochord

• Dorsal nerve tube

• Pharyngeal gill slits

• Post-anal tail

Roots

Have vascular tissue for conducting metabolites and water

Larger leaves

Lose more water but gather more sun

Broad leaves

In shadier areas to maximize sunlight

Spines/needles

Version of leaves that occur in extreme and dry temperature

Orchids

Have evolved to even go as far as trapping insects or mimicking them

Desert plants

Seeds are dormant until there’s enough rainfall

• very long taproots

• Leaves are either spines or are small and thick

Tropical rainforest plants

Very diverse

• Canopy is common

• Specialized pollinators

• Water and nutrients comes from air

Orchids

Terrestrial or epiphytic (living on high trees)

Labellum

One of the orchid’s colorful flowers that acts as a landing platform for pollinators

Column

Part of an orchid where stamens and pistils are fused

Why are some plants carnivorous?

Because of a lack of nitrogen and other nutrients in their environment

How do carnivorous plants reproduce

Asexually

Types of plant trapping mechanisms

• Adhesive

• Pitfall

• Snap trap

Closing trap

Active trap group represented by something like a Venus fly trap

Passive trap

No rapid plant movement, like pitcher plants