Africa

What were berbers and what did they spread across the Sahara

They spread trade and Islam and were paid guides

Caravans and why did people use them

When merchants sought safety in numbers by traveling in a group

Commodity

Two of Africa’s most valued trade goods that were salt and gold

Desertification

When fertile land dries up and becomes uproductive

Literacy was spread through the teaching of what book

The Quran

Savanna

Lush tropical grasslands

Timbuktu

A famous center for Muslim art, lift, and science

Trans-Saharan

When canals started to make large-scale trade across the Sahara

What bodies of water border the Sahara to the east and west

Atlantic and Red Sea

How did the oasis help in the desert? What did they grow into?

They grew into towns and were good for trade, and for water in the middle of the desert.

What items came from India?china?

Silk from china and spices from India

What were spaces mainly used for

used for mining gold and salt

When did African ruler start converting to Islam

1000’s

Why is a camel useful in the desert

There hun stores far that can carry up to 200Ibs on there back. They have 3 sets of eyebrows to protect them for sand and 1 set is clear. They have a 3 part stomach that can hold 30+ gallons of water. They have Webbed toes that can spread over sand to evenly distribute weight.

Why is salt just as valuable as gold

Because it could preserve meat and other food, it is rare and small supply (scarcity), it needed was needed for a healthy diet

Griots

A class of special storytellers

How was Mali’s location beneficial

Much land was savanna, and the region received plenty of rain.

How did the king of Ghana make money

By taxing salt and other trade goods

How was Koumbi saleh’s location beneficial

Because it stood midway between Africa’s mail sources of salt located mostly in the Sahara

Importance of iron tools

Helped increase their food supply which ment there population grew

Mansa Musa - who was he and what did he support

A leader who introduced Mali to the world, art learning and Islam

Nok

First sub-Saharan people to smelt - extract iron from a type of rock called iron ore

Oral tradition

Passed on history and story orally

Sub-Saharan Africa

The land that stretches south to the southern tip of the continent

Sundiata Keita

Founded the Mali empire, brought peace and tolerance as well as law and order to Mali

Terra cotta

Fire baked clay, to create unusual sculptures of humans

What city became a major center for Muslim art, science, and literature

Timbuktu

What kind of art did the Nok create

Unusual sculpture of humans ( Terra cotta)

Why was smelting important to the Nok

Increased there food supply

Who could own gold dust?nuggets?

All nuggets belonged to the king, and dust could be traded

Who brought Islam to Ghana

Arab traders