BIO 204 – High-Yield Facts Packet

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions from the BIO 204 high-yield facts packet, including topics such as PCR, restriction enzymes, statistical methods, and laboratory tools.

PCR

Polymerase Chain Reaction, a method used to amplify DNA.

Denature

The first step in PCR where DNA is heated to separate the strands, typically at 95°C.

Restriction Enzymes

Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, often palindromic.

SNP

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, a variation in a single nucleotide in a genetic sequence.

Gel Electrophoresis

A technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size by applying an electric field.

ImageJ

An image processing program that can be used for measuring and analyzing scientific images.

Chi-square test

A statistical method for determining if there is a significant association between categorical variables.

t-test

A statistical test used to compare the means of two groups.

Positive Control

An experimental group that is expected to show a change and is contrasted with the experimental group.

Negative Control

An experimental group that is not expected to show a change, used to ensure that results are due to the experimental variable.

Calipers

Tools used to measure the distance between two opposite sides of an object with high precision.

dCAPS

A technique involving a mismatched primer that creates a restriction site to reveal specific alleles.

Amplicon

The DNA fragment that has been amplified during the PCR process.

Dilution Factor

The ratio that describes how much a substance has been diluted.

Standard Curve

A graph used to determine the concentration of a substance by comparison with known standards.

Spectrophotometer

An instrument that measures the amount of light that a sample absorbs.