CulSocPol Summative #2

Social Aggregates 

A collection of people who happen to be at the same place at the same time but who have no other connection to one another.

Exists in the same place at the same time but do not interact

Social Categories

A collection of people who share a particular characteristic. They do not necessarily interact with one another and have nothing else in common.

Social Groups

This is the collection of two or more people who regularly interact with one another on the basis of shared expectations concerning behavior that shares a common identity.

Primary and Secondary

Types of Social Groups

Secondary Group

comprise relatively impersonal and temporary relationships that are goal- or task-oriented and are often found in employment or educational settings.

Primary Group

This is a small social group whose members share close, personal, and enduring relationships. This group is also marked by the members’ concern for one another and shared activities and culture.

Long-lasting

In-group

group with which an individual feels a sense of belongingness. Also, it is a group where an individual directly affiliates and expresses loyalty and respect.

Out-group

social group that an individual does not identify with and where one feels antagonism and competitiveness for this group.

Reference Group

This is a group to which we compare ourselves. Moreover, they are used as a standard against which behaviors and attitudes are measured. Lastly, reference groups guide our behavior and attitudes and help us to identify social norms.

Kinship

a social institution that refers to relations formed between members of society. It explains the nature and reason for the formation of different types of bonds that exist within society.

Kinship

different forms socially accepted relations among people developed through blood or consanguineal relationships, marriage or affinal relationship, adoption and other culturally accepted rituals.

Kinship by Blood

Through consanguinity, popularly called as blood relatives

Unilineal
Matrilineal
Patrilineal
Bilateral

What are the descent rules?

Unilineal Descent

This allows an individual to be affiliated to the descent of one sex group only—either the male or the female.

Matrilineal Descent

leads an individual to trace kinship relations through the female’s line. This implies that the surname and inheritances of a family are passed on from one female to the other.

Patrilineal Descent

an individual traces his or her kinship through the male’s line only. This promotes a passing down of name and inheritance to the male offspring only, while allowing the female offspring to be part of another family through marriage.

Bilateral Descent

allows an individual to trace kinship ties on both sides of the family

Bilateral Descent

individual can recognize both his or her parents’ relatives as his or her own relatives. In this type of kinship, everyone knows how he or she is connected to everyone.

Kinship by Marriage/Family

Marriage is defined as the “socially or ritually recognized union or legal contract between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws

Patrifocal
Matrifocal
Monogamous
Polygamous

Types of Families

Matrifocal

matriarchal, the rule of the mother

Patrifocal

patriarchal, the rule of the father

Monogamous

This type of family consists of a single couple and their child or children. This is also referred to as the nuclear family. Most societies in the world have this type of family.

Polygamous

This type of family consists of several parents and their children.

Polyandry

Marriage pattern wherein a woman is allowed to marry several men.

Fraternal polyandry

women allowed to marry several husbands who are brothers

Polygyny

marriage practice that allows a man to marry several women. Most Islamic societies allow this practic

Sororal Polygyny

men allowed to marry several wives who are sisters

Extended Family

type of family that has several married couples and their children living in one household

Reconstituted Family

type of family which consists of spouses and children whom the spouses may have had prior to their marriage or union

Patrilocal

type of residence pattern where the wife moves into the husband’s household.

Matrilocal

the husband leaves his own family home to join the wife’s family.

Neolocal

spouses choose to live separately from their origin. Establishes an independent household.

Avunculocal

Initially, parents raise their children in the husband’s father’s household.
When the children reach adulthood, they move to the mother’s brother’s household

Natalocal

both spouses remain with their own households
children allowed to choose which household to join

Matrifocal

rule arises when father is economically and physically unable to provide support for family

the mother becomes the only provider and caregiver.

Ambilocal

Allows the couple to choose to live either with the wife’s mother’s area or the husband’s father’s area

Transnational

parents sacrifice abroad (OFW)

Political Dynasty

a family in which multiple members are involved in politics