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Mean
Shows central tendency of data, average
Standard Deviation
Shows how scattered the data are around the mean, larger the SD the more spread
Standard Error
Estimate of the standard deviation of a sample, used to analyze sample data
Histogram
Shows distribution of one variable, used to see data spread and shape
Bar graph
Compares means of 2+ groups, includes error bars (standard error)
Scatter plot
Shows relationship between two variables, independent/dependent variable
t-Test
Used to compare two averages
Null hypothesis
Assumes no difference between groups
Student’s t (Test Statistic)
Measure how large the difference between groups is
P-value
Probability that the difference occurred by chance
p<0.05
statistically significant
p>0.05
not statistically significant
p<0.05
reject null hypothesis
p>0.05
fail to reject null hypothesis
Linear regression
y=ax+by, relationship between two variables
R-squared
Shows how well linear regression fits the data, closer to 1 = closer relationship, closer to 0 = weaker relationship
p-value tells…
probability that the result happened by chance